“…It has long been recognized that maternal diabetes is associated with numerous fetal and neonatal morbidities including congenital anomalies, premature delivery, fetal macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress, and neonatal hypoglycemia. However, emerging data suggest that maternal diabetes also has long-term health consequences for offspring (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The most compelling data are studies in Pima Indians where offspring of women with either gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and in many cases, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, and increased BMI occur in childhood (10,11,14,17).…”