Developmental Origins of the Face Inversion Effect

Cashon, Cara H.; Holt, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2014.11.008

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…The task required matching a target face to one of two faces that differed only in the spacing of the internal features. Early in development, infants are as accurate at noticing changes in the identity of animal faces as of human faces (38,39) and in the identity of inverted human faces as of upright human faces (40), but by adulthood that sensitivity diminishes relative to the improvement in the sensitivity for upright human faces, presumably as a result of the perceptual narrowing effected by experiencedependent pruning and attunement (38)(39)(40)(41). Based on the hypothesized reduced experience-dependent pruning, we predicted that synesthetes would be more accurate than controls in discriminating among items from nonnative categories (i.e., foreign phonemes, chimpanzee faces, and inverted human faces).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced perceptual narrowing in synesthesia

Maurer

Ghloum

Gibson

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Synesthesia is a neurologic trait in which specific inducers, such as sounds, automatically elicit additional idiosyncratic percepts, such as color (thus “colored hearing”). One explanation for this trait—and the one tested here—is that synesthesia results from unusually weak pruning of cortical synaptic hyperconnectivity during early perceptual development. We tested the prediction from this hypothesis that synesthetes would be superior at making discriminations from nonnative categories that are normally weakened by experience-dependent pruning during a critical period early in development—namely, discrimination among nonnative phonemes (Hindi retroflex /d̪a/ and dental /ɖa/), among chimpanzee faces, and among inverted human faces. Like the superiority of 6-mo-old infants over older infants, the synesthetic groups were significantly better than control groups at making all the nonnative discriminations across five samples and three testing sites. The consistent superiority of the synesthetic groups in making discriminations that are normally eliminated during infancy suggests that residual cortical connectivity in synesthesia supports changes in perception that extend beyond the specific synesthetic percepts, consistent with the incomplete pruning hypothesis.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced perceptual narrowing in synesthesia

Maurer

Ghloum

Gibson

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…We chose this stimulus as a control. At the age of 7 months infants should exhibit a preference for upright over inverted real human faces (for review, see Cashon & Holt, 2015). If our results were to show that infants did not prefer the upright version of this face compared to the inverted one then we would know there was a flaw in our setup.…”

Section: Infants' Perception Of Faces In Face-like and Ambiguous Imagesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Based on past infant research (Cashon & Holt, 2015;Goren, Sarty, & Wu, 1975;Johnson, Dziurawiec, Ellis & Morton, 1991;Kobayashi et al, 2012;Otsuka et al, 2012), our primary hypothesis was that infants 7-9 months would detect a face in the upright version of the realistic face, schematic face, Mooney, and Arcimboldo images. Our results partially supported these hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These stimuli have been tested extensively in the infant face perception literature (Cashon & Holt, 2015) and were ranked highest by the adults surveyed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infants also prefer faces over other objects; when presented pictures of faces and toys simultaneously, infants direct their gazes toward faces before other stimuli and faces hold their attention longer (DeNicola, Holt, Lambert & Cashon, 2013;Gliga, Elsabbagh, Andravizo & Johnson, 2009;Libertus & Needham, INFANT PERCEPTION OF FACES 4 2014). Moreover, like adults, infants respond differently to upright faces compared to an inverted face (Cashon & Holt, 2015). By around 7 months of age, infants recognize an individual face by the specific combination of eyes, nose, and mouth, but only if the face is upright (Cohen & Cashon, 2001).…”

Section: Infants' Perception Of Faces In Face-like and Ambiguous Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infants' perception of faces in face-like and ambiguous images.

Dale¹

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Face Perception

Cashon¹,

Dixon²

2020

The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, developmental psychologists have discovered that face perception undergoes many changes early in life and that experience plays a key role in how face perception is formed. Possibly the most dramatic changes in face perception occur in the first year of life. Newborns enter the world with a bias toward looking at faces. As their visual system matures and they gain more experiences with faces, significant developmental changes take place in face recognition and face processing. Infants' face perception system becomes more fine‐tuned for the types of faces they see most often in their everyday lives, typically female, upright, own‐race faces. Experience continues to have an influence on the development of face perception into childhood.

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Developmental Origins of the Face Inversion Effect

Cited by 46 publications

References 92 publications

Reduced perceptual narrowing in synesthesia

Reduced perceptual narrowing in synesthesia

Infants' perception of faces in face-like and ambiguous images.

Face Perception

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