2012
DOI: 10.1155/2012/127452
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Developmental Origins of Type 2 Diabetes in Aboriginal Youth in Canada: It Is More Than Diet and Exercise

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is classically viewed as a disease of adults caused by poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and obesity. However, with increasing awareness of the heterogeneity of T2DM, new risk factors are being identified that add complexity. Some of these new risk factors have been identified in Canadian people with Aboriginal Oji-Cree heritage, a group that demonstrates one of the highest rates of T2DM in the world. This high prevalence may be due to the rapid change, over the past 50 years… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…identified a gene mutation (G319S) in the hepatic nuclear factor-1 alpha which translates to decreased insulin sensitivity. [1314] This thrifty phenotype is exclusively found in the Oji-Cree Aboriginal population in Ontario and Manitoba,[15] with a 97% specificity and 95% predictability for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by 50 years of age. [14] However, this hypothesis has been challenged vigorously in view of the fact that fetuses born to mothers with T2DM have excess energy in utero still become overweight and develop T2DM themselves.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…identified a gene mutation (G319S) in the hepatic nuclear factor-1 alpha which translates to decreased insulin sensitivity. [1314] This thrifty phenotype is exclusively found in the Oji-Cree Aboriginal population in Ontario and Manitoba,[15] with a 97% specificity and 95% predictability for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by 50 years of age. [14] However, this hypothesis has been challenged vigorously in view of the fact that fetuses born to mothers with T2DM have excess energy in utero still become overweight and develop T2DM themselves.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[14] However, this hypothesis has been challenged vigorously in view of the fact that fetuses born to mothers with T2DM have excess energy in utero still become overweight and develop T2DM themselves. [15] Apart from genetic factors, biological factors are also important. The female gender per se carries a higher risk for developing diabetes among aboriginal Canadians, and gestational diabetes is 4–10 times more prevalent than non-Aboriginal cohorts.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alarmingly, youth-onset T2D is an emerging condition facing pediatricians, with the incidence growing at rates faster than in the adult population (Millar & Dean 2012; Dabelea JAMA January 2014 SEARCH Study).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The high prevalence of the G319S variant within this population suggests (although difficult to prove) that this gene variant traditionally conferred an evolutionary advantage, possibly contributing to improved survival during prolonged periods of calorie deprivation and starvation (Hegele 2003). Historically, Oji-Cree communities lived in nomadic groups who survived by hunting and gathering (i.e., meat, fish, and seasonal berries) (Millar and Dean 2012). The traditional Oji-Cree diet was high in protein, moderate in fat, and very low in carbohydrate (Millar and Dean 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Historically, Oji-Cree communities lived in nomadic groups who survived by hunting and gathering (i.e., meat, fish, and seasonal berries) (Millar and Dean 2012). The traditional Oji-Cree diet was high in protein, moderate in fat, and very low in carbohydrate (Millar and Dean 2012). As Oji-Cree people began moving into settlements (in the 1940s), lifestyles rapidly became sedentary and diets changed to high intakes of saturated fats and refined carbohydrates (Gittelsohn et al 1998) and the G319S variant began to strongly associate with diabetes within this population.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%