Developmental outcomes of premature, low birth weight, and medically fragile infants

Kessenich, Maureen

doi:10.1016/s1527-3369(03)00033-3

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In some developing countries 16-50% of term infants are SGA, and the poor home environment in many of the countries adds to the risk of suboptimal development in these children (2). Various studies in humans have shown that being born underweight is a risk factor for cognitive deficits (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), learning problems (4,9), spatial orientation difficulties (10), attention problems (9), depression (11), reduced brain volume (8), and reduced academic achievement and professional attainment (12) later in life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance of low- and normal-birth-weight piglets in a spatial hole-board discrimination task

et al. 2011

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance of low- and normal-birth-weight piglets in a spatial hole-board discrimination task

et al. 2011

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“…The incidence of dementia is increasing as the age of the global population rises: the World Alzheimer Report estimates that the current 36 million people living with dementia will increase to 115 million by 2050 [7], [8]. Advances in medical treatment within high resource countries have also resulted in the increased survival of very low birth weight babies, a proportion of whom will have significant disabilities in childhood and later life [9], [10]. Improvements in healthcare have also resulted in increased life expectancy for those with intellectual disabilities [11], and those with acquired brain injuries such as stroke [12]–[14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How are Treatment Decisions Made about Artificial Nutrition for Individuals at Risk of Lacking Capacity? A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundWorldwide, the number of individuals lacking the mental capacity to participate in decisions about their own healthcare is increasing. Due to the ageing global population and advancing medical treatments, there are now many more people living longer with neurological disorders, such as dementia, acquired brain injuries, and intellectual disabilities. Many of these individuals have feeding difficulties and may require artificial nutrition. However, little is known about the decision-making process; the evidence base is uncertain and often ethically complex. Using the exemplar of artificial nutrition, the objective of this review is to examine how treatment decisions are made when patients are at risk of lacking capacity.Methods and FindingsWe undertook a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines to determine who was involved in decisions, and what factors were considered. We searched PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and OpenSigle for quantitative and qualitative studies (1990–2011). Citation, reference, hand searches and expert consultation were also undertaken. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently and in duplicate. We utilised Thomas and Harden’s ‘Thematic Synthesis’ for analysis. Sixty-six studies met inclusion criteria, comprising data from 40 countries and 34,649 patients, carers and clinicians. Six themes emerged: clinical indications were similar across countries but were insufficient alone for determining outcomes; quality of life was the main decision-making factor but its meaning varied; prolonging life was the second most cited factor; patient’s wishes were influential but not determinative; families had some influence but were infrequently involved in final recommendations; clinicians often felt conflicted about their roles.ConclusionsWhen individuals lack mental capacity, decisions must be made on their behalf. Dynamic interactive factors, such as protecting right to life, not unnecessarily prolonging suffering, and individual preferences, need to be addressed and balanced. These findings provide an outline to aid clinical practice and develop decision-making guidelines.

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“…Both term and preterm infants may become medically fragile. Medically fragile preterm infants have severe complications of prematurity, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing entercolitis leading to short gut syndrome (Holditch‐Davis, Docherty, Miles, Burchinal, & Goldman, 2001; Kessenich, 2003; Noerr, 2003). Medically fragile term infants have birth defects or a chronic illness involving critical physiological systems (Chye & Gray, 1995; Ikle, Hale, Fashaw, Boucek, & Rosenberg, 2003; Newburger et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mothers also face difficulties in parenting after discharge, as these children are often are still unstable, dependent on technology, in need of complex care, and at risk of rehospitalization or even death (Buescher et al, 2006; Chye & Gray, 1995; Mentro, 2003), as well as having long‐term disabilities and chronic health problems (Ikle et al, 2003; Kessenich, 2003; Moon, Mohay, & Gray, 2007). The process of taking on the maternal role with a medically fragile infant is complex, and little is known about how these altered experiences of parenting affect the attainment of the maternal role (Zabielski, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of DNA patents on pharmacogenomics research and development: economic and policy issues

Paci

Hopkins

Zika

et al. 2010

Drug Development Research

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The science of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (or collectively PGx) has advanced rapidly in recent years, and some technologies based on these developments have entered into use. It is notable that these advances have occurred in parallel with related advances in genetic testing, led by developments in testing services for the diagnosis of rare disorders that share Mendelian patterns of inheritance. However, a profusion of patents on nucleotide sequences (often termed ''gene patents'') has led to widespread concern that disputes over intellectual property could hamper the development and diffusion of these technologies. This article outlines the recent evidence from major empirical studies on the complex landscape of diagnostic DNA patents in the United States and Europe and discusses the traditional arguments in favor and against gene patenting in PGx and genetic testing. It also explores the extent to which concerns in clinical genetics might be relevant to PGx. We find that although recent evidence on genetic testing suggests that many of the issues might have been overestimated or overemphasized, no dedicated studies have been published on the intellectual property aspects of PGx. Drug Dev Res 71: 485-491, 2010.

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Developmental outcomes of premature, low birth weight, and medically fragile infants

Cited by 37 publications

References 86 publications

Cognitive performance of low- and normal-birth-weight piglets in a spatial hole-board discrimination task

Cognitive performance of low- and normal-birth-weight piglets in a spatial hole-board discrimination task

How are Treatment Decisions Made about Artificial Nutrition for Individuals at Risk of Lacking Capacity? A Systematic Literature Review

Impact of DNA patents on pharmacogenomics research and development: economic and policy issues

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