Developmental phases in a temperate natural spruce-fir-beech forest: determination by a supervised classification method

Král, Kamil; Vrška, Tomáš; Hort, Libor; Adam, Dušan; Šamonil, Pavel

doi:10.1007/s10342-009-0340-0

Cited by 68 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similar results were reported also by Zenner et al [37] from an Oriental beech virgin forest in northern Iran, where diameter distributions of all stages were reverse J-shaped, but with significant differences between the Optimal and Initial stage as well as the Initial and Decay stage. Unlike Král et al [36], who found the Optimal stage with a typical bell-shaped diameter distribution in a common beech-silver fir-Norway spruce stand, in NNR Dobročský prales the Optimal stage with homogenous stand structure was not present. The Optimal stage reached the highest values of growing stock and basal area that distinguished it from the other stages; however, the stand maintained the differentiated structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…In general, these characteristics influence the shape of diameter distribution [36] and result in different types of distribution for each development stage, i.e., right-skewed distribution for the Initial stage, unimodal symmetric distribution for the Optimal stage and bimodal distribution for the Decay stage. In NNR Dobročský prales, we observed some differences from this general pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values of basic stand characteristics and structural indices were calculated for a larger area of 25 × 25 m (four subplots) to decrease the impact of the edge effect. To obtain the input data for the calculation, we used the approach proposed by Král et al [36] with the square moving window (a = 25 m) shifting through the sufficiently large patches of development stages.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have reported problems with stage classification on overly large plots (e.g., [5,17,[35][36][37]), as they captured more developmental stages with different naturally ongoing processes. Thus, to classify stands to the appropriate developmental stage, authors have recommended using plot sizes that correspond to the extent of gap-scale processes that largely drive structural and successional patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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Old-growth forests are a unique source of information for close-to-nature silviculture. In the National Nature Reserve Dobročský prales (Slovakia), a remnant of mixed old-growth forests of the Western Carpathians, we analyzed changes in tree species composition, stand structure, and creation and closure of canopy gaps. The results were based on data from forest inventories of an entire reserve conducted in 1978 and 2015, extended by detailed measurements in a research plot of 250 × 250 m. We observed the expansion of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the expense of conifers (Abies alba Mill., Picea abies L. Karst.) in all layers of the stand. Due to a lack of conifers in the category of saplings >130 cm and an abundance of coniferous deadwood, we hypothesize that this development will lead to the dominance of beech. All development stages revealed a reverse J-shaped diameter structure; however, they differed in the majority of basic stand characteristics (e.g., growing stock, basal area, tree density, deadwood volume). Most of the structural indices did not differ between development stages, confirming a relatively high degree of structural differentiation throughout the development cycle. The total gap area reached 18%, with the dominance of small gaps ≤100 m 2 . Nevertheless, only canopy gaps >100 m 2 formed by the mortality of three or more trees were of higher importance for the extensive establishment of natural regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…In addition, the raster approach can fail to detect overlapping stages (Korpel, 1995;Drössler & Meyer, 2006), as shown by Grassi et al (2003). A more advanced mapping of developmental phases in a natural spruce-fir-beech forest was presented (Kral et al, 2010), which also included dead trees. In addition, irregular patches (usually 400 -1100 m² in size) with spatially distinct stand characteristics (tree number, standing volume, deadwood) were indicated by statistical models (Kral et al, 2014).…”

Section: Silvicultural Research In Natural Beech Forests In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

What Happens after the Gap?— Size Distributions of Patches with Homogeneously Sized Trees in Natural and Managed Beech Forests in Europe

Drößler¹,

Feldmann²,

Glatthorn³

et al. 2016

OJF

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A novel but simple approach for describing stand structure in natural and managed forests driven by small-scaled disturbances is introduced. A primeval beech forest reserve in Slovakia and two beech stands in Germany with different management histories were studied, and their forest stand texture was analysed in terms of tree coordinates, stem diameter, and crown radius. Neighbouring trees of similar size with estimated contact of their crowns were assigned to tree groups. The study goal was to estimate the number and size of such homogeneous patches. In all cases, the number of tree groups in a particular diameter class decreased exponentially as group size increased. Single trees were predominant. Compared to simulated random tree distributions, the natural stand exhibited a more clumped distribution of small trees and more regular distribution of larger ones. The natural forest generally had smaller groups than the managed even aged stand, but the smallest group sizes were found in the uneven-aged selection forest. The simple analytical approach provided new spatial insights into neighbourhood relations of trees. The continuous scale from single trees to larger tree groups is an important achievement compared to other analytical methods applied in this field. The findings may even indicate a certain degree of selforganization in natural forests. Due to the limitations associated with each method or statistical models, a joint consideration of 1) gap dynamics, 2) forest developmental stages, and 3) size * Corresponding author.L. Drössler et al. 178classes of homogeneous tree groups is recommended. Relevant to forest practitioners, the size class distributions enhance an understanding of the complex stand structures in natural forests and therewith support an emulation of natural forest dynamics in managed beech forests.

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Where have all the tree diameters grown? Patterns in Fagus sylvatica L. diameter growth on their run to the upper canopy

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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The diameter growth of a tree reflects the success of that tree in competition. We investigated patterns of Fagus sylvatica diameter growth in the Žofín Forest Dynamics Plot, which is part of Smithsonian's Forest Global Earth Observatory as a research plot representing European natural mixed temperate forests. We focused primarily on the spatial patterns of beech diameter growth from the viewpoint of the most successful individuals in different ontogenetic stages. We analyzed the reaction of trees along a gradient of disturbance intensity as well as the effects of neighborhood competition. We used stem maps of trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 10 cm carried out in 1997 and 2012. Various types of the pair correlation function were applied to the data to describe the tree density variability. Tree spatial pattern analyses were performed on six 1.5‐ha square plots. Our results show an increasing trend of general increment growth in the interval between dbh 10 cm and dbh 40 cm. Average increment first peaked between dbh 40–42 cm with values higher than 5 mm/year, after which the absolute average increment slightly decreased and stagnated; dbh increment again increased only after dbh 79 cm, but with a much wider range of confidence intervals. An analysis of the variability in diameter growth at intermediate spatial scales showed that disturbance events influence diameter growth differently in connection with dbh. Diameter growth in thinner trees was strongly positively correlated with disturbance intensity, while disturbance had no effect on the variability in diameter growth in larger trees. The spatial pattern of elite‐growth recruits differed from the generally clustered pattern of recruits, with mutual negative interactions up to 2 m. Elite‐growth small‐sized trees (dbh 10–19 cm) showed a positive association with dead individuals in the same size category. In contrast, elite‐growth medium‐sized trees (dbh 20–39 cm) had no positive associations at all. At the same time, negative correlations with canopy beeches were observed across all categories. In conclusion, current tree spatial patterns of trees and their diameter growth are the results of multiple interactions accumulated over the long term with high inertia.

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Developmental phases in a temperate natural spruce-fir-beech forest: determination by a supervised classification method

Cited by 68 publications

References 40 publications

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

What Happens after the Gap?— Size Distributions of Patches with Homogeneously Sized Trees in Natural and Managed Beech Forests in Europe

Where have all the tree diameters grown? Patterns in Fagus sylvatica L. diameter growth on their run to the upper canopy

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