Developmental Study of Pituitary-Adrenocortical Response in Mice: Plasma and Brain Corticosterone Determination After Histamine Stress

Kakihana, Ryoko; Blum, Stephen

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0600353

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Basal corticosterone levels were constant between postnatal days 10 and 50 which accords with the results of Allen & Kendall (1967) and Kakihana et al (1974), but is in contrast to those of Henning (1978) and Walker et al (1986) who found a marked rise in basal levels between the second and third postnatal week. The absence of stress-induced rises in corticosterone due to saline injection at day 10 confirms results with other stressors where adrenal responses are not apparent at this age (Haltmeyer et al, 1966;Henning, 1978), although recently rises in corticosterone due to ether, electroshock or hypoxia have been demonstrated in 10 day old rat pups (Walker et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The absence of stress-induced rises in corticosterone due to saline injection at day 10 confirms results with other stressors where adrenal responses are not apparent at this age (Haltmeyer et al, 1966;Henning, 1978), although recently rises in corticosterone due to ether, electroshock or hypoxia have been demonstrated in 10 day old rat pups (Walker et al, 1986). Also in common with most forms of stress activation (Haltmeyer et al, 1966;Allen & Kendall, 1967;Kakihana et al, 1974), injection causes marked elevations by postnatal day 21. The peak in stress responses at day 40 suggests a late postnatal sensitivity, and a delay in maturation of hypothalamus-pituitary function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stress responses in neonatal rats appear during the third postnatal week (Haltmeyer et al, 1966;Kakihana et al, 1974), but there are no studies in the literature pertaining to opioid control of stress responses during development. Accordingly we have studied the ontogeny of opioid modulation of corticosterone responses to stress from day 10 to adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental responses to opioids reveals a lack of effect on stress‐induced corticosterone levels in neonatal rats

Bailey

Kitchen

1987

British J Pharmacology

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1 The neonate has an unusual capacity for survival and the possibility exists that mechanisms for controlling stress responses may differ in the developing animal. In adults both endogenous and exogenous opioids can modulate the corticosterone responses to stress. We have studied this effect in neonatal rats and found that opioid modulation is absent in early postnatal development.2 Neonatal rats ofeither sex were injected with morphine (5-50mg kg-'), fentanyl (10-100 .tLg kg-'), buprenorphine (O.1-30 mg kg') or naloxone (O.1-Omg kg-') and plasma corticosterone measured fluorimetrically 15 or 20 min later. In addition naloxone reversibility studies (1 mg kg-', co-administered) were carried out for the opioid agonists. 3 In adult rats, elevations in plasma corticosterone caused by injection stress were potentiated by morphine, fentanyl and buprenorphine. In neonates, though injection stress-induced rises in plasma corticosterone were absent at 10 days, elevations were observed at 21 days and later. However, significant potentiation of this corticosterone response by fentanyl was absent at 21 days and at later ages (30 and 40 days) for morphine and buprenorphine. The potentiating effect of all three agonists did not become fully effective until day 45. In addition, in animals acclimatized to injection stress by 7 day injection pretreatment, fentanyl did not significantly alter corticosterone levels in 30 day old neonates.4 High doses ofnaloxone (10mg kg-')significantly increased the corticosterone response to injection stress in adult rats but this effect was absent in 30 day old animals. A dose of naloxone (I mg kg-') which had no significant effect on the corticosterone response inhibited the effects of morphine, fentanyl and buprenorphine in 45 day old and adult rats. 5 This late development of opioid action is unusual in comparison with the maturation of endogenous peptides, receptors and antinociceptive responses and suggests that alternative mechanisms may be involved in stress-control in the neonate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental responses to opioids reveals a lack of effect on stress‐induced corticosterone levels in neonatal rats

Bailey

Kitchen

1987

British J Pharmacology

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“…However, circulating levels of these hormones in nonstressed animals show remarkably little change be tween the second and third week [II, 18,22] and thus it would seem that the capacity for development is intrinsic to the tissue itself and is merely poten tiated by the glucocorticoid hormones. This concept is supported by the stud ies which showed that with increasing age there is a gradual increase in the re sponsiveness of the intestine to pharmacological doses of glucocorticoid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Normal and Precocious Appearance of Jejunal Sucrase in Suckling Rats

Henning

Helman

Kretchmer³

1975

Neonatology

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Some of the cellular and molecular events involved in the normal and precocious appearance of sucrase in jejunum of infant rats have been studied. Actinomycin D has been shown to inhibit (by 79%) the rise in sucrase activity usually seen after administration of hydrocortisone to 9-day-old rats. The precocious appearance of sucrase has also been studied with respect to the cytological localization of enzyme activity in the intestinal mucosa. Tissue was sectioned in a cryostat (transverse to the villi) and sucrase was assayed in homogenates prepared from the sections. By 24 h after administration of hydrocortisone to 9-day-old animals, sucrase was detectable only at the bases of the villi. During the subsequent 72 h the enzyme activity increased and spread along the villi at a rate consistent with that of cell migration. These data have lead to the conclusion that the action of glucocorticoids on enterocytes can occur only when the cells are in their proliferative phase. An ontogenic study of the ability of hydrocortisone to elicit jejunal sucrase showed that the tissue becomes increasingly responsive to the hormone with increasing age through the first and second postnatal weeks. Various hypotheses to explain this increase have been examined.

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“…However the problem with this supposition has been that the majority of the reported values for plasma corticosterone during development are uniformly high from the second through the third postnatal week (66)(67)(68)(69)(70). We raised the question of why the high concentrations of endogenous corticosterone did not elicit intestinal changes during the second week of life and proposed (57,71) that the timing of glucocorticoid action in this system must reflect increased responsiveness of the target cells at the beginning of the third postnatal week.…”

Section: Role Of Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of Intestinal Development

Henning¹

1979

Environmental Health Perspectives

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In biochemical terms, the rat small intestine is relatively immature at birth and for the first two postnatal weeks. Then during the third week a dramatic array ofenzymic changes begins, and by the end ofthe fourth week the intestine has the digestive and absorptive properties of the adult. Selective examples of these changes are discussed with emphasis on their implications for toxicological studies. The review also includes a detailed consideration of the roles of the dietary change of weaning and of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones in the regulation of intestinal development.My aim in this paper is to use the rat as a model system for a discussion of the postnatal development of small intestinal function. Factors which affect the developmental process will be reviewed in terms of their implications for toxicological studies. Morphologic Development of the IntestineBy the time of birth, the intestinal mucosa of the rat displays a high level of structural development characterized by villi lined with a single layer of columnar epithelial cells which have well-defined microvilli at their absorptive surface (1-3). After birth, continuous proliferation of epithelial cells occurs only in the lower regions of the crypts (4, 5), and cells migrate from there onto and along the villi, eventually being extruded from the tips into the lumen of the intestine. In adult rats and mice the generation time for the crypt cells is 10-14 hr (6), and the transit time along the length of the villus is approximately 48 hr (7). The characteristics of proliferation and migration of enterocytes in adult animals are dealt with in detail in the review by Lipkin (8). In neonatal rats, generation and migration of the cells is much slower than in adults. Despite the fact that the neonatal villi are shorter, the transit time is at least % hr (7, 9). During the third postnatal week there are significant changes in both cell kinetics and mor-

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Developmental Study of Pituitary-Adrenocortical Response in Mice: Plasma and Brain Corticosterone Determination After Histamine Stress

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Developmental responses to opioids reveals a lack of effect on stress‐induced corticosterone levels in neonatal rats

Developmental responses to opioids reveals a lack of effect on stress‐induced corticosterone levels in neonatal rats

Studies on Normal and Precocious Appearance of Jejunal Sucrase in Suckling Rats

Biochemistry of Intestinal Development

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