Developmental timing of trauma exposure and emotion dysregulation in adulthood: Are there sensitive periods when trauma is most harmful?

Dunn, Erin C.; Nishimi, Kristen; Gomez, Stephanie H.; Powers, Abigail; Bradley, Bekh

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.045

Cited by 112 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The impact of ELS on these and other brain regions important for stress and threat-learning would be interesting to transcriptionally profile in future studies. While there are mixed reports on whether timing of ELS experience in humans influences later depression 41,42 , it is also necessary to consider that mice are born premature relative to humans and for at least some brain systems rodent postnatal week-one is more similar to the second half of human gestation 43,44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice

et al. 2019

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Abuse, neglect, and other forms of early life stress (ELS) significantly increase risk for psychiatric disorders including depression. In this study, we show that ELS in a postnatal sensitive period increases sensitivity to adult stress in female mice, consistent with our earlier findings in male mice. We used RNA-sequencing in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of male and female mice to show that adult stress is distinctly represented in the brain’s transcriptome depending on ELS history. We identify: 1) biological pathways disrupted after ELS and associated with increased behavioral stress sensitivity, 2) putative transcriptional regulators of the effect of ELS on adult stress response, and 3) subsets of primed genes specifically associated with latent behavioral changes. We also provide transcriptomic evidence that ELS increases sensitivity to future stress through enhancement of known programs of cortical plasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice

et al. 2019

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“…age of maltreatment onset and duration and severity of maltreatment) mediate the risk for later psychopathology [54]. Childhood maltreatment that occurs earlier in life and continues for a longer duration is associated with the worst outcomes [55]. This is supported by preclinical models (rodent and nonhuman primate) which have investigated maternal separation [56,57], a paradigm more similar to neglect in humans.…”

Section: Timing Of Childhood Maltreatment: Are There Periods Of Heighmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders

Lippard

Nemeroff

2020

AJP

352

180

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A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked increase in risk for psychiatric and medical disorders. This review summarizes the literature investigating the effects of childhood maltreatment on disease vulnerability for mood disorders, specifically summarizing cross-sectional and more recent longitudinal studies that demonstrate childhood maltreatment is more prevalent and associated with increased risk for first mood episode, episode recurrence, greater comorbidities, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with mood disorders. It summarizes the persistent alterations associated with childhood maltreatment, including alterations in the HPA axis and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to disease vulnerability and a more pernicious disease course. We discuss several candidate genes and environmental factors, for example alcohol/substance use, that may alter disease vulnerability and illness course and neurobiological associations that may mediate these relationships following childhood maltreatment. Studies provide insight into modifiable mechanisms and provide direction to improve both treatment and prevention strategies. "It is not the bruises on the body that hurt. It is the wounds of the heart and the scars on the mind."

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“…Studies have also demonstrated that the longer duration, greater severity, and type of ELS experienced may be associated with worse and distinct outcomes (Arnow, 2004;Dunn, Nishimi, Gomez, Powers, & Bradley, 2018). It is hypothesized that there is an additive effect of ELS (Anda et al, 2006), as cumulative effects of childhood adversity have been shown to increase risk for mood, anxiety, and SUDs and their comorbidity (Green et al, 2010;Putnam, Harris, & Putnam, 2013).…”

Section: Els Timing Duration and Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Stress and Substance Use Disorders: Underlying Neurobiology and Pathways to Adverse Outcomes

2020

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Early life stress (ELS) has been established as a major risk factor for a multitude of psychiatric and medical disorders. ELS is highly prevalent in the general population and constitutes a major public health concern. The current review will focus on the clinical literature that suggests a link between adverse early life experiences and vulnerability for adolescent and adult substance use disorders. It will investigate the characteristics of ELS that appear to increase risk for disorder onset and a more severe disease course, characterized by earlier onset, greater risk of relapse, and treatment resistance. The authors explore how ELS may increase risk for adverse substance use outcomes through long-lasting changes in the HPA axis and development of stress, reward, and executive control brain systems. The review will also discuss potential pathways to substance use disorder following ELS, with a focus on the role of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders and other modifiable traits. Finally, the authors will discuss how the current body of work presents the potential for prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the psychosocial consequences following early life stress and minimize adverse substance use outcomes.

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Developmental timing of trauma exposure and emotion dysregulation in adulthood: Are there sensitive periods when trauma is most harmful?

Abstract: These findings should be replicated in other population-based samples with prospective designs to confirm the importance of developmental timing of trauma on later emotion dysregulation.

Cited by 112 publications

References 72 publications

Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice

Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice

The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders

Early Life Stress and Substance Use Disorders: Underlying Neurobiology and Pathways to Adverse Outcomes

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