Developmental toxic effects of monocrotophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Abstract

The present study examined the response of zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/L) of monocrotophos under static conditions for 96 h. We found that mortality had occurred within 48 h at all test concentrations, later insignificant mortality was observed. Monocrotophos (MCP) can be rated as moderately toxic to the Zebrafish embryos with a 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of 37.44 ± 3.32 mg/L. In contrast, it greatly affected the development of zebrafish embryos by inducing several developmental abnormalities like pericardial edema, altered heart development, spinal and vertebral anomalies in a concentration-dependent manner. A significant percent reduction in length by 9-48% and heart beats by 18-51% was observed in hatchlings exposed to LC10 and LC50 concentrations at 96 h when compared to controls. The process of looping formation of heart at embryonic stage was greatly affected by the LC50 concentration of MCP. The neurotoxic potentiality of MCP was assessed by using a marker enzyme, acetylcholinesterase in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. MCP was found to be the most potent inhibitor of AChE in vitro with an IC50 value of 4.3 × 10(-4) M. The whole-body AChE enzyme activity in vivo was significantly inhibited during the exposure tenure with the maximum inhibition of 62% at 24 h.

Induction of DNA damage in the peripheral blood of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by an agricultural organophosphate pesticide, monocrotophos

“…Ali et al (2014) also reported the time-dependent and dose-dependent increase of genotoxicity of an OP insecticide, dimethoate in C. punctatus, which were found to be highly correlated with oxidative stress. Our results along with those of Pamanji et al (2015) mentioned earlier, provide information on the toxic effects of MCP in both the adults and embryos of zebrafish suggesting that MCP can affect zebrafish at any time during its life cycle. Organophosphate pesticides such as MCP and those cited above cause the alkylation of DNA bases either directly or indirectly by protein alkylation leading to DNA disintegration (Bhinder and Chaudhry 2013).…”

“…A few studies have been carried out on the different effects of MCP on zebrafish such as the estrogenic and feminizing effects of MCP (Zhang et al 2013) and cortisol-mediated stress responses (Zhang et al 2015). In a recent study, different concentrations of MCP were used to evaluate the developmental response of zebrafish embryos (Pamanji et al 2015). Mortality was observed in all the test concentrations along with a large number of morphological abnormalities.…”

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide effects on zebrafish larvae: development, neurotransmission and behavior as sensitive endpoints

“…Similar results were reported in previous studies assessing the effects of difenoconazole and cyhalofop-butyl in zebrafish larvae (Mu et al 2013;Cao et al 2016). Early-life stage sensitivity can be argued by the lack of a fully developed metabolic pathway and chorion protection that might decrease the uptake of hazardous substances into the embryo (Fent and Meier 1992;Pamanji et al 2015a). At 48 hpf, 2,4-D did not induced any cardiac disruption, as observed for other pesticides like diuron and diazinon (Velki et al 2017).…”

Urinary Organophosphate Metabolite Concentrations and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Conceiving through in Vitro Fertilization in Shanghai, China

“…Another study in porcine ovarian cells demonstrated that both malathion and diazinon decrease the efficiency of in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and damage early embryo development (Ducolomb et al 2009). More recently, evidence of OP developmental toxicity in zebrafish suggested various teratogenic effects and increased death of embryos (Pamanji et al 2015).…”

“…2009 ). More recently, evidence of OP developmental toxicity in zebrafish suggested various teratogenic effects and increased death of embryos ( Pamanji et al. 2015 ).…”