Developmental toxicity and DNA damage to zebrafish induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are frequently detected in the environment, but few studies have assessed their joint toxicity. In this study, the acute toxicity and chronic toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by PFOS in the presence of ZnO-NPs were investigated, including developmental toxicity and DNA damage. The embryos were exposed to PFOS (only) (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L) and PFOS plus ZnO-NPs (0.4 + 50, 0.8 + 50, and 1.6 + 50 mg/L) solutions to evaluate mortality (96 h), body length (96 h), hatch rate (72 h), heart rate (48 h),and malformation rate (96 h). The results revealed that the co-treatment could cause more severe developmental toxicity compared with the control and single-treatments, and the toxic effects generally increased in a dose-response manner. In addition, adult zebrafish were exposed to single and mixed solutions of PFOS and ZnO-NPs (at the concentrations mentioned above) for 30 days. DNA damage to zebrafish was evaluated by the comet assay and micronucleus test. We found that the PFOS single-treatment at all doses (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L) could strongly induce DNA damage to peripheral blood cells and that ZnO-NPs could aggravate the formation of DNA damage in co-treatments. Histological examination of liver, testicle, and ovary showed that the presence of ZnO-NPs (50 mg/L) could also cause more serious histological damage to adult zebrafish than PFOS alone. As a result, the synergistic effects played an important role during joint exposure. Our observations provide a basic understanding of the joint toxicity of PFOS and ZnO-NPs to aquatic organisms.

AEO-7 surfactant is “super toxic” and induces severe cardiac, liver and locomotion damage in zebrafish embryos

“…d Average body length, e size of the yolk, and f eye size following treatment, as captured using the HCImage software and analyzed with version 1.52a of the ImageJ software version. c One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Dunnett test was used to compare the groups, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, n = 20 agreement with previous reports [74,75] (Fig. 4b, c), ZnO showed a significant decrease in the heart rate of the zebrafish embryos as shown in Fig.…”

AEO-7 Surfactant is “super Toxic” and Induces Severe Cardiac, Liver and Locomotion Damage in Zebrafish Embryos

“…In disagreement with previous reports [63,64] (Fig. 4B-C), ZnO did not decrease heart rate signi cantly in our animals ( Fig.…”

“…Zebra sh have been shown to be a good model for predicting hepatotoxicity [68][69][70], probably because the enzymes and pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism (e.g., the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and isozymes of cytochrome P-450 and aldehyde dehydrogenase) are all evolutionarily conserved and all functional from the early stages of the development of zebra sh embryos, including our experimental window [63,71,72].…”

<p>Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondrial Biogenesis Impairment and Cardiac Dysfunction in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes</p>

“…Many in vivo studies have shown that ZnO NPs exposure can reduce the heart rate of zebrafish and freshwater fish Catostomus commersonii. 15,44 The heart rate was also reduced in mice after injection of five nanomaterials including ZnO NPs. 45 Our results showed that the electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-CMs were affected by ZnO NPs at insignificantly cytotoxic doses, suggesting that electrophysiological function is a sensitive parameter for indicating the cardiac adverse effect of nanomaterials.…”