Developmental Toxicity Assay for Food Additive Tartrazine Using Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Cultures

Joshi, Vani; Pancharatna, Katti

doi:10.1177/1091581817735227

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A consistent decrease in heart rate was accomplished in all those larvae that exhibited pericardial edema, indirectly clues the impairment in the cardiac function. In our earlier studies, also we observed that pericardial edema was accompanied by decreased heart rates in chemical (Coumarin derivatives) pharmaceuticals (Cox inhibitors/acetaminophen) and FA (tartrazine) exposed zebrafish embryos and resultant larvae (Anegundi & Pancharatna, , ; David & Pancharatna, , ; Joshi & Pancharatna, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…MKBW2546V), AO and Tricaine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and other chemicals were procured from Hi-media (Mumbai, India). The embryo (E3) medium (5 mM NaCl; 0.17 mM KCl; 0.33 mM CaCl 2 ; 0.33 mM MgSO 4 ) was prepared as per the protocol described earlier (David & Pancharatna, 2009a, 2009bJoshi & Pancharatna, 2017;Westerfield, 2007). As E110 is a completely water-soluble compound (Rovina et al, 2016) all the dilutions (0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mM) of exposure media were prepared freshly in E3 medium just before their use.…”

Section: Calculation Of Median Lethal Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food colorant Sunset Yellow (E110) intervenes developmental profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Joshi

Pancharatna

2018

J of Applied Toxicology

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In this study, we tested the teratogenic/embryotoxic potentials of food colorant, Sunset Yellow (E110) using zebrafish embryos as a model. Laboratory‐raised developing embryos of Danio rerio were exposed to graded concentrations (00, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mm) of E110 from gastrulation stage (~6 hours post‐fertilization [hpf]) up until hatching. The developmental trajectory of each embryo and post‐hatched larva was traced from 24 to 168 hpf. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC), median effective concentration (EC50), median lethal concentration (LC50) and teratogenic index were determined. In the 0.1 mm E110‐exposed embryos, the development proceeded as in controls (NOEC), while, exposure of embryos to 1‐5 mm of E110 led to a decrease in body size, dry body mass of resultant larvae along with appearance of morphological deformities such as, microphthalmia, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and spinal curvature. Larvae of 10‐50 mm E110‐exposed embryos exhibited increased cellular apoptosis in the cardiac region with significantly declined heartbeats and elevated mortality rates, in addition to the above‐mentioned abnormalities. In the 100 mm exposure group, all embryos succumbed to death within 24 hpf. The NOEC and LC50 recorded were at 0.1 and 42.57 mm respectively. EC50 (96 hpf) recorded for pericardial edema and yolk sac edema was 19.41 and 39.84 mm with teratogenic index quotient 2.1 and 1.06 respectively The study provides direct evidence for the developmental toxicity/teratogenic potential of E110.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Calculation Of Median Lethal Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food colorant Sunset Yellow (E110) intervenes developmental profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Joshi

Pancharatna

2018

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…(20) reported that TAZ exhibits no maternal or developmental toxicity in Osborne-Mendel rats when administered by gavage at doses of 0, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600, or 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day on gestational days 0–19. A recent study reported that TAZ up to 10 mM is not embryotoxic nor teratogenic to zebrafish embryos (21). However, no previous study has examined the teratogenic potential of TAZ when administered at several folds its acceptable daily intake (ADI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryotoxic and Teratogenic Effects of Tartrazine in Rats

et al. 2019

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Tartrazine (TAZ) is one of the most commonly used artificial dyes for foods and drugs. We determined the effect of TAZ on fetal development by examining morphological, visceral, and skeletal malformations in rat fetuses following daily oral administration of TAZ to pregnant Wistar rats at the 6th–15th day of gestation. TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg induced 6.0 and 7.1% fetal resorptions, as well as 10.0 and 10.5% fetal mortality, respectively. Fetal body weight and length were significantly lower in the groups treated with TAZ at 0.45 (3.97 ± 0.21 g and 27.3 ± 0.54 mm, respectively) and 4.5 mg/kg (3.48 ± 0.15 g and 23.22 ± 1.02 mm, respectively) than in the control group (4.0 ± 0.15 g and 30.01 ± 0.42 mm, respectively). TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg induced hepatic damage (20 and 33.3%, respectively), dark brown pigmentation due to hemosiderin in the splenic parenchyma (16.7 and 21.7%, respectively), as well as destructed and necrotic renal tubules (16.7 and 26.7%, respectively) in the fetuses. Moreover, TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg caused one or more missing coccygeal vertebrae (20 and 40%, respectively), missing sternebrae (6 and 10%, respectively), missing hind limbs (24 and 4%, respectively), and irregular ribs (16 and 20, respectively) in the fetuses. We concluded that TAZ has embryotoxic and teratogenic potentials in rats.

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“…33 The decreased hatching rate has been observed in zebrafish embryos exposed to pharmaceuticals (including acetaminophen and auranofin), nanomaterials and nanoparticles, organic pesticides, and metal ions. 19,35,36 The heart is one of the first organs observed during zebrafish development. Heart rate is an important target for developmental toxicity in zebrafish, as an indicator of cardiac function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test concentrations were selected following the OECD Test Guidelines (2013) and methods of Joshi and Katti. 19 All experiments were done in triplicate, and each assay was repeated 3 times.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Assessment of 4 Azo Dyes in Zebrafish Embryos

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2020

Int J Toxicol

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Azo dyes are used widely as color additives in food, drugs, and cosmetics; hence, there is an increasing concern about their safety and possible health hazards. In the present study, we chose 4 azo dyes tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, amaranth, and Allura red and evaluated their developmental toxicity on zebrafish embryos. At concentration levels of 5 to 50 mM, we found that azo dyes can induce hatching difficulty and developmental abnormalities such as cardiac edema, decreased heart rate, yolk sac edema, and spinal defects including spinal curvature and tail distortion. Exposure to 100 mM of each azo dye was completely embryolethal. The median lethal concentration (LC50), median effective concentration (EC50), and teratogenic index (TI) were calculated for each azo dye at 72 hours postfertilization. For tartrazine, the LC50 was 47.10 mM and EC50 value was at 42.66 mM with TI ratio of 1.10. For Sunset Yellow, the LC50 was 38.93 mM and EC50 value was at 29.81 mM with TI ratio of 1.31. For amaranth, the LC50 was 39.86 mM and EC50 value was at 31.94 mM with TI ratio of 1.25. For Allura red, the LC50 was 47.42 mM and EC50 value was 40.05 mM with TI ratio of 1.18. This study reports the developmental toxicity of azo dyes in zebrafish embryos at concentrations higher than the expected human exposures from consuming food and drugs containing azo dyes.

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Developmental Toxicity Assay for Food Additive Tartrazine Using Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Cultures

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Food colorant Sunset Yellow (E110) intervenes developmental profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Food colorant Sunset Yellow (E110) intervenes developmental profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Embryotoxic and Teratogenic Effects of Tartrazine in Rats

Toxicity Assessment of 4 Azo Dyes in Zebrafish Embryos

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