Developmental toxicity induced by Cu(OH)₂ nanopesticide in zebrafish embryos

Abstract

The current study evaluates the adverse effects of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide (CNPE) on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The developmental toxicity was determined using different parameters such as mortality (including LC50), hatching, heart rates, malformations, and alteration of the gene expressions. Zebrafish embryos (4 hpf‐hours postfertilization) were exposed to 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/l CNPE doses until 96 hpf. The 96 hours LC50 was recorded at 6.258 mg/l. Seventy‐two hpf total malformation index values for 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/l CNPE doses were 4.3, 7.2 and 7.9, respectively. 1.0 mg/l CNPE is not toxic for the zebrafish embryos/larvae. 2.0 to 8.0 CNPE doses caused some abnormalities in embryos/larvae morphology, including lack of body parts, tail deformities, chorda deformity, bubbled head, scoliosis, lordosis, weak or non‐pigmentation, decreased heart rate and larva length. 16.0 mg/l CNPE caused mortality in 72 hpf. The expression levels of seven immune system‐related genes (il‐1β, il‐8, cebp, tlr4, hsp70, NF‐kB, and mtf‐1) were examined. The transcription level of il‐1β, il‐8, tlr4, hsp70, and NF‐kB genes significantly increased in the CNPE exposure groups. While the expression of the mtf‐1 gene considerably decreased, the cebp gene expression level did not change in the 4.0 and 8.0 mg/l CNPE doses. In conclusion, CNPE could induce developmental toxicity with malformations in embryos/larvae and alter the gene expression.

Nanopesticides: A Review on Current Research and Future Perspective

“…Thus, it can lead to malformation and gene alteration in embryos/larvae. [101] The toxic effect of the CM-β-CD-MNPs-Diuron on the microorganisms present in the soil was estimated by qPCR and microcalorimetry, which confirmed the harmful effects of the nanopesticide over the soil's microorganisms. [102] The study so far shows the toxic nature of various nanopesticides with different AI, over non-target organisms.…”

“…Adverse effects on the zebrafish ( Danio rerio) were observed on exposure to Cu(OH) 2 nanopesticide, which included abnormalities in morphology, deformities in body parts, bubbling of the head, decreased length, and heart rate. Thus, it can lead to malformation and gene alteration in embryos/larvae [101] . The toxic effect of the CM‐β‐CD‐MNPs‐Diuron on the microorganisms present in the soil was estimated by qPCR and microcalorimetry, which confirmed the harmful effects of the nanopesticide over the soil‘s microorganisms [102] …”

Metabolomic and bioenergetic responses of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells following exposure to commercial copper hydroxide nanopesticide

“…Trophic transfer has been reported for several nanoparticles in aquatic and terrestrial food chains. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Based on the limited studies available, Cu(OH) 2 nanopesticide exposure can adversely affect aquatic organisms, including the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, 23 embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio), 24,25 microbial communities, [26][27][28][29] and other non-target organisms. Most significant is that there are no data on the potential for copper nanopesticide-induced toxicity in mammals, especially humans.…”

Comprehensive Interrogation of Metabolic and Bioenergetic Responses of Early-Staged Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a Commercial Copper Hydroxide Nanopesticide

“…Recently, there have been several studies investigating the impacts of Cu­(OH) 2 nanopesticide on crop plants related to genetic, metabolic, and physiological responses. − There have also been studies on microbial community and soil biodiversity in terms of nitrogen cycling, enzymatic activities, and community structure. − Additionally, there is also evidence that the Cu­(OH) 2 nanopesticide adversely impacts aquatic organisms, including respiration of estuarine organisms, fish embryonic development and hatch, transcripts related to the fish immune system, and reduced ability for detoxification and reproduction inDaphnia magna. − However, additional toxicity mechanisms may also occur in aquatic organisms following exposure. Carley et al report that, compared with soil communities, aquatic communities may show increased sensitivity to this nanopesticide.…”