Developmental Toxicology of Solamargine and Solasonine Glycoalkaloids in Frog Embryos

Blankemeyer, James T.; McWilliams, Michael; Rayburn, James R.; Weissenberg, Martin; Friedman, Mendel

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00164-6

Cited by 83 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The most frequent metabolites in Solanum species are from the alkaloid family, the steroidal alkaloids solasonine and solamargine being found in more than 100 of its species (Blankemeyer et al, 1998;Mesia-Vela et al, 2002), and toxic activity is attributed to these alkaloids (Jadhay et al, 1981;Blankemeyer et al, 1998). Due to the great interest by folk medicine in compounds from Solanaceae plants, many studies have been developed trying to evaluate the toxicological activity of Solanum species (Shakunda & Chester, 1976;Maruo et al, 2003;Heo & Lim, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiarrheal activity of Solanum asterophorum in mice

Silva¹,

Neto²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Several species of Solanum are used in folk medicine to treat diarrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare possible antidiarrheal activity of methanol extracts from roots (Sast-MeOH R ) and leaves (Sast-MeOH L ) of Solanum asterophorum Mart., Solanaceae, in mice. Sast-MeOH R was shown to significantly and dose-relatedly inhibit the frequency of both solid (ED50 309.6±28.5 mg/kg) and liquid (ED50 152.1±32.5 mg/kg) stools. Conversely, SastMeOH L significantly inhibited solid stool frequency only when dosed at 500 and 750 mg/kg (48.7±7.4 and 42.3±9.8%, respectively), but also significantly and doserelatedly inhibited liquid stools (ED50 268.4±35.2 mg/kg). Thus, Sast-MeOH R was twice as potent as Sast-MeOH L in diarrhea inhibition. Neither extracts (when dosed up to 500 mg/kg) inhibited intestinal transit. However, both extracts significantly and dose-relatedly inhibited intestinal fluids, and Sast-MeOH R (ED50 38.3±10.4 mg/kg) was again twice as potent as Sast-MeOH L (ED50 78.6±6.4 mg/kg). Results suggest that antidiarrheal effects of Sast-MeOH R and Sast-MeOH L involve changes on intestinal secretion. In addition, active metabolites with antidiarrheal activity may be more concentrated in the roots of this species. However further studies are needed to elucidate the action mechanism involved in this activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiarrheal activity of Solanum asterophorum in mice

Silva¹,

Neto²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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“…However, many steps between cholesterol synthesis and formation of α-solasonine and α-solamargine are unknown. In general, in conjunction with at least 100 other Solanum species, it is believed that eggplants are capable enough of biologically synthesising the following two main steroid alkaloid glycosides (SAGs), namely solasonine and solamargine (22). From a structural perspective, both possess similar steroidal fragment of the molecule (aglycone), solasodine, while they differ in the nature of the carbohydrate side chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Solasonine Content and Expression Patterns of SGT1 Gene in Different Tissues of Two Iranian Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes

Bagheri

Bushehri

Hassandokht

et al. 2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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The family of Solanaceae (also known as nightshade family) is considered as a large plant family including essential crops such as potato, tomato, sweet pepper and lastly eggplant (1). In both tropical and temperate regions of the world, eggplant (Solanum melongena L., 2n=2x=24) has been cultivated for years, and regarded currently as an economically important vegetable plant (2). Phylogenetically, contrary to the other important Solanaceae fam- SummaryEggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. The eggplant glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxic secondary metabolites that may have detrimental effects on human health, particularly if the magnitudes of GAs are higher than the recommended food safety level (200 mg per kg of fresh mass). In this study, the content of solasonine compound and the expression patterns of solasodine galactosyltransferase (SGT1) gene were assessed in different tissues (mature leaves, flower buds, young, mature, and physiologically ripe fruits) of two Iranian eggplant genotypes (D1 and J10) under field conditions. The maximum mass fraction of solasonine in D1 was detected in flower buds (135.63 μg/g), followed by leaf (113.29 μg/g), physiologically ripe fruit (74.74 μg/g), young fruit (61.33 μg/g), and mature fruit (21.55 μg/g). Comparing both genotypes, the genotype of bitter fruits (J10) contained higher mass fraction of solasonine, as one of the main factors for producing bitter flavour of the plant. Regarding the expression profiles of SGT1, in both genotypes, the activity of the gene was increased nearly parallel with the concentration of solasonine. In the J10 geno type, transcript level of the gene was significantly higher than the genotype of sweet fruits (D1). Although both D1 and J10 genotypes are possibly recommendable for human food consumption, D1 is more suitable for daily diet.

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“…and Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill are members of the Solanaceae family, found in tropical and temperate zones, including the Brazilian Cerrado. They have great importance for food and medicinal use (Blankemeyer et al 1998, Almeida et al 2010. The antiviral, diuretic, anti-spasmodic, antiinflammatory and other properties of these plants have been intensively studied (Balasubramanian et al 2007; as cited by Soares-Mota et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro trypanocidal activity of solamargine and extracts from Solanum palinacanthum and Solanum lycocarpum of brazilian cerrado

Moreira

Martins

Magalhães

et al. 2013

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The present investigation was to evaluate the potential trypanocidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of the fruits of Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum lycocarpum and the glycoalcaloid, solamargine. S. palinacanthum and S. lycocarpum fruit powders were submitted to exhaustively extraction with 96% ethanol and solamargine were isolated from the extract of S. palinacanthum. Both extracts and solamargine were analysed for trypanocidal activity by using MTT colorimetric assay. Extracts of S. palinacanthum showed to be more active (IC 50 = 175.9 µg.ml -1 ) than S. lycocarpum (IC 50 = 194.7 µg.ml -1 ). Solamargine presented a strong activity (IC 50 = 15.3 µg.ml -1 ), which can explain the better activity of the both extracts.Benznidazol (IC 50 = 9.0 µg.ml -1 ) is the only drug used to treat Chagas' disease. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ethanol extracts obtained from both fruits of S. palinacanthum and S. lycocarpum and also solamargine have a potential anti-trypanosomal activity.

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Developmental Toxicology of Solamargine and Solasonine Glycoalkaloids in Frog Embryos

Cited by 83 publications

References 34 publications

Antidiarrheal activity of Solanum asterophorum in mice

Antidiarrheal activity of Solanum asterophorum in mice

Evaluation of Solasonine Content and Expression Patterns of SGT1 Gene in Different Tissues of Two Iranian Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes

In vitro trypanocidal activity of solamargine and extracts from Solanum palinacanthum and Solanum lycocarpum of brazilian cerrado

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