Developmental trajectories of delay discounting from childhood to young adulthood: longitudinal associations and test-retest reliability

Klein, Samuel D.; Collins, Paul F.; Luciana, Mónica

doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101518

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Properly unpicking why children fail to benefit from EFT cueing could potentially contribute to an understanding of such mechanisms, and one approach may be to examine whether there are relevant individual differences in certain cognitive resources that allow certain individuals to benefit from cueing. Candidate individual differences may include may include cognitive abilities such as working memory (Klein et al., 2022), attention (Steinbeis et al., 2016), and future thinking skills themselves (Steinberg et al., 2009). Future work in this field should focus on such abilities in an attempt to explain children's difficulties in benefiting from EFT cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A longitudinal study of delay discounting involving participants aged 9–23 years reported improvements between childhood and adolescence before performance became relatively stable around middle‐to‐late adolescence (Klein et al., 2022). This suggests that pre‐adolescent children may be good candidates for interventions to improve discounting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Episodic future thinking and delay of gratification in children: Is imagining reward pay‐off helpful?

Canning,

McCormack,

Clifford

et al. 2024

British J of Dev Psycho

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Previous studies have failed to show an effect of episodic future thinking (EFT) on children's delay of gratification (DoG), contrasting strikingly with adult findings. Recent findings from a sample of 8–11‐year‐old children by Canning et al. (J. Exp. Child Psychol., 228, 2023, 105618) indicate that EFT cueing is not effective compared to a no‐cue control even when it is reward related. Canning et al. suggest children's DoG performance, unlike that of adults, may be negatively affected by the cognitive load of cueing, but this leaves unexplained why EFT reward‐related cueing produced significantly better performance than cueing that did not involve EFT in their study. The current study attempted to further delineate the importance of linking future thinking cues to rewards. A reward‐related EFT condition was compared to a reward‐unrelated EFT condition and a no‐cue control on a delay choice task. No significant differences were observed between the three conditions. This suggests that even reward‐related future thinking is ineffective at improving children's delayed gratification. Further research is needed to determine why children struggle to benefit from EFT cues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic future thinking and delay of gratification in children: Is imagining reward pay‐off helpful?

Canning,

McCormack,

Clifford

et al. 2024

British J of Dev Psycho

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“…Such comparisons are important as the parameters of traditional computerized and paper and pencil tasks can vary dramatically in regards to the number of choices presented, reward magnitudes, and delays. To our knowledge, only a few studies have compared the psychometric performance of paper-and-pencil and computerized tasks (Epstein et al, 2003; Klein et al, 2022; Wileyto et al, 2004). Studies have consistently shown DD indices from both tasks to be significantly correlated between the two tasks (Epstein et al, 2003; Wileyto et al, 2004) as well as with cigarettes smoked per day in adult smokers (Epstein et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have consistently shown DD indices from both tasks to be significantly correlated between the two tasks (Epstein et al, 2003; Wileyto et al, 2004) as well as with cigarettes smoked per day in adult smokers (Epstein et al, 2003). More recently, Klein et al (2022) showed that a computerized DD task including six delays (1, 2, 10, 30, 180, and 365 days) demonstrated retest stability over a 10-year period among adolescents. However, these findings do not directly assess the psychometric performance of DD in people with SUDs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Collectively, determining the reliability and validity of DD tasks is complex, in part due to wide heterogeneity across tasks (Klein et al, 2022). These differences include reward types (money, drugs; Odum et al, 2020), procedures (e.g., nonlinear vs. linear regression) used to obtain the DD rates, and DD indices (e.g., log k , AUC, AUC log d ; Gilroy et al, 2017; Yoon et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative assessment of psychometric performance on the adjusting amounts versus the 21-item Monetary Choice Delay Discounting tasks among young adult substance users.

González-Roz,

Martínez-Loredo,

Postigo

et al. 2024

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Delay discounting (DD) assessments offer a wide variety of procedures to suit specific clinical and research needs. This study compared the reliability and validity of two DD tasks: (a) an adjusting amounts task presented on a computer (AAC) and (b) the 21-item Monetary Choice Task, which was administered online (MCT). Participants were 1,573 Spanish young-adults reporting past-month substance use. Measures included quantity and severity of drug use (i.e., cigarette smoking, cannabis, alcohol) and two DD assessments (i.e., AAC, MCT). Reliability was assessed using both the classical test and item response theory. Correlations and linear regressions examined the validity of both DD tasks in relation to substance use. The MCT showed higher internal consistency than the AAC (α = .941 vs. α = .748). AAC precision was adequate for moderate levels of discounting (θ values between −2 and +2), but the MCT showed superior reliability at low, moderate, and high levels of discounting (θ values between −1 and +1.5). Both DD tasks showed more significant correlations for alcohol-related measures (|rs| ranged between .053 and .093) compared to cigarettes and cannabis. The incremental validity of DD tasks in relation to nicotine dependence (AUC logd : β = −.664, 95% CI [−1.256, −.071]) and alcohol problems (AUC logd : β = −3.098, 95% CI [−5.209, −.988]) was only supported for the AAC. The MCT was more reliable than the AAC for measuring impulsive choice in young adult substance users. Nevertheless, the AAC may serve as a valid marker of nicotine dependence and alcohol problems. Public Health SignificanceThe Monetary Choice Task is optimal for epidemiological purposes whereas the adjusting amounts task showed better clinical utility to identify alcohol and nicotine use problems. Task reliability may be increased if the latter includes items with higher time delays (6 months). In the Monetary Choice Task, items with higher differences between the magnitude of reinforcers (30€ now vs. 85€ in 14 days) and short time delay periods (10-14 days) seemed preferable.

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Is waiting for rewards good for you? No association between impulsive choice, psychopathology, and functional outcomes in a large cohort sample

Bado,

Salum,

Rohde

et al. 2024

JCPP Advances

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BackgroundA stronger preference for immediate rewards has been reported in individuals with ADHD and other disorders. However, the consistency of the associations between this preference and psychiatric conditions as well as functional outcomes have been questioned. Research on its association with longitudinal outcomes is scarce.MethodsThe current study used data on a choice delay task (CDT) from a school‐based cohort of Brazilian children with those at higher risk for psychiatric disorders over‐sampled (n = 1917). The sample included typically developing children (n = 1379), those with ADHD (n = 213), and other disorders. The frequency of the trials where children chose a larger later reward versus a smaller sooner reward was compared for those with ADHD and typically developing children. Cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, the study also evaluated whether children's preference for larger delayed rewards at baseline predicted the presence of psychiatric disorders and functional life outcomes (academic performance, alcohol use, early pregnancy, criminal conviction, BMI).ResultsChildren with ADHD and their typically developing peers performed similarly on the CDT. Their baseline task performance was not related to psychiatric conditions or life outcomes.ConclusionsThe current results raise questions regarding the use of the CDT with diverse populations and whether a preference for larger delayed rewards is predictive of positive long‐term outcomes as widely assumed.

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Developmental trajectories of delay discounting from childhood to young adulthood: longitudinal associations and test-retest reliability

Cited by 10 publications

References 123 publications

Episodic future thinking and delay of gratification in children: Is imagining reward pay‐off helpful?

Episodic future thinking and delay of gratification in children: Is imagining reward pay‐off helpful?

Comparative assessment of psychometric performance on the adjusting amounts versus the 21-item Monetary Choice Delay Discounting tasks among young adult substance users.

Is waiting for rewards good for you? No association between impulsive choice, psychopathology, and functional outcomes in a large cohort sample

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