Background:
Infants born with critical congenital heart disease (cCHD) who
require surgical intervention in the newborn period are often hospitalized
in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU). Cardiac surgery and the CICU
environment are traumatic to infants and their families. Infants are exposed
to overwhelming stress which can result in increased pain, physiologic
instability, behavioral disorganization, disrupted attachment, and altered
brain development. Individualized Family-centered Developmental Care (IFDC)
is a model that can address the unique needs and developmental challenges of
infants with cCHD.
Purpose:
The purpose of this manuscript is to: 1.) Clearly describe the
uniqueness of the cCHD infant, including the medical, neurological, and
parental challenges. 2.) Propose methods to apply IFDC in order to support
recovery of infants with cCHD in the CICU.
Conclusions:
The experiences in the CICU shape the developing brain and alter
recovery and healing, thus adversely impacting development. IFDC is a
promising model of care that nurses can integrate into the CICU to promote
neuroprotection and development. Nurses can effectively integrate IFDC into
the CICU by understanding the unique characteristics of infants with cCHD
and applying IFDC interventions that include both maturity and recovery
perspectives.
Clinical Implications:
The incorporation of IFDC interventions is essential for the infant
with cCHD and should be standard of care. Applying IFDC with a recovery
perspective in all aspects of caregiving will provide opportunities for
individualization of care and parent engagement, allowing infants in the
CICU to recover from surgery while supporting both short and long-term
neurodevelopment.