Developments in Gemstone Analysis Techniques and Instrumentation During the 2000s

Breeding, Christopher M.; Shen, Andy H.; Eaton-Magaña, Sally; Rossman, George R.; Shigley, James E.; Gilbertson, AI

doi:10.5741/gems.46.3.241

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…(C) These false color PL maps were assembled from data collected with 455 nm excitation with the diamond submerged in liquid nitrogen. The PL mapping data are composed of~26,000 individual spectra taken with a 10 µm pixel size in 4 1 2 min. They show the normalized peak intensity for the H4 defect at 495.9 nm and the PL feature at 490.7 nm.…”

Section: Figure 3 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman and Photoluminescence Mapping of Gem Materials

et al. 2021

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Raman and photoluminescence (PL) mapping is a non-destructive method which allows gemologists and scientists to evaluate the spatial distributions of defects within a gem; it can also provide a method to quickly distinguish different species within a composite gem. This article provides a summary of this relatively new technology and its instrumentation. Additionally, we provide a compilation of new data for various applications on several gemstones. Spatial differences within diamonds can be explored using PL mapping, such as radiation stains observed on the rough surface of natural green diamonds. Raman mapping has proven useful in distinguishing between omphacite and jadeite within a composite of these two minerals, identifying various tourmaline species within a heterogeneous mixture, and determining the calcium carbonate polymorphs in pearls. Additionally, it has potential to be useful for country-of-origin determination in blue sapphires and micro-inclusion analysis. As new avenues of research are explored, more applications for gem materials will inevitably be discovered.

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Section: Figure 3 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PL spectroscopy has become an indispensable tool used by major gemological laboratories to distinguish treated and lab-grown diamonds from their natural counterparts [1,2]. Within diamond, the presence, and thus the detection, of various defects differs with its growth history along with any subsequent treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Photoluminescence Mapping of Gem Materials

et al. 2021

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“…Both techniques are nondestructive and provide important information about the structure of natural green diamonds. as low as the ppb (parts per billion) level can easily be detected (Breeding et al, 2010;Eaton-Magaña and Breeding, 2016). Like UV-Vis-NIR absorption, PL measurements of green diamonds are usually focused in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and need to be collected at low temperatures (around 77 K) to resolve many spectral peaks.…”

Section: Luminescence Spectroscopy and Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridescence in Metamorphic "Rainbow" Hematite

Heaney

Post

Lin

2018

G&G

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“…153 The advances in gem treatment and synthesis technology, the discovery of new gem sources etc. 153 The advances in gem treatment and synthesis technology, the discovery of new gem sources etc.…”

Section: Inorganic Chemicals and Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials

Carter

Fisher

Goodall

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Metals 1.1 Ferrous metals and alloys 1.2 Non-ferrous metals and alloys 2 Chemicals 2.1 Petroleum and petroleum products 2.1.1 Petroleum products -gasoline, diesels, gasohol, exhaust particulates 2.1.2 Fuel -coal, fly ash, particulates/emissions 2.1.3 Oils -crude oil, lubricants 2.1.4 Alternative fuels 2.2 Organic chemicals and solvents 2.2.1 The analysis of archaeological and art objects 2.2.2 LIBS and other laser techniques 2.2.3 Mass spectrometric techniques 2.2.4 Ion beam techniques 2.2.5 Speciation 2.2.6 Extraction, preconcentration and sample introduction 2.3 Inorganic chemicals and acids 2.3.1 Reviews, overviews and CRMs 2.3.2 Cements, concretes and plasters 2.3.3 Matrix modifiers 2.3.4 Forensic applications 2.3.5 Other applications 2.3.6 The analysis of nano-structures 2.3.6.1 Reviews and CRMs 2.3.6.2 Methods of analysis 2.4 Nuclear materials 2.4.1 Reviews and overviews 2.4.2 Nuclear forensic and safeguards applications 2.4.3 Other nuclear applications 3 Advanced materials 3.1 Polymeric materials and composites

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Developments in Gemstone Analysis Techniques and Instrumentation During the 2000s

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Raman and Photoluminescence Mapping of Gem Materials

Raman and Photoluminescence Mapping of Gem Materials

Iridescence in Metamorphic "Rainbow" Hematite

Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials

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