“…The local approach to fracture has been widely used as an augmentation to the conventional fracture mechanics methods in recent years, markedly motivated by the advanced computation power readily available now [41][42][43][44][45]. The methodology has been demonstrated to be effective under situations where conventional fracture mechanics methods are ineffective or inapplicable, such as in ductile tearing [44,45], welding spots [46,47], under stress triaxiality constrains [48], and under mix-mode loading [46,[49][50][51].…”