Developments in monitoring mine slope stability using radar interferometry

Reeves, Bryan; Stickley, G.F.; Noon, David A.; Longstaff, I.D.

doi:10.1109/igarss.2000.858397

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Typically, millimeter-wave radar in the mining industry has been limited to slope stability monitoring (Macfarlane & Robertson, 2004;Reeves, Stickley, Noon, & Longstaff, 2000) (and systems by GroundProbe and Reutech) or imaging large underground cavities [stopes, ore passes (Brooker, Hennesy, Scheding, & Bishop, 2005;Noon et al, 2002)], although there is a growing focus on its application to environmental mapping, volume estimation, and machine component tracking (e.g., bucket localization). In general, this mining focus has been spearheaded by work done at the Australian Centre for Field Robotics and CRCMining (Brooker et al, 2005;Brooker, Hennesy, Lobsey, Bishop, & WidzykCapehart, 2007;Scheding, Brooker, Hennesy, Bishop, & Maclean, 2002;Widzyk-Caperhart, Brooker, Hennesy, Lobsey, & Scheding, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning infrared laser range finders and millimeterwave radar have seen extensive application in automation and other mapping scenarios in a wide range of research and commercial environments. Typically, millimeter-wave radar in the mining industry has been limited to slope stability monitoring (Macfarlane & Robertson, 2004;Reeves, Stickley, Noon, & Longstaff, 2000) (and systems by Ground-Probe and Reutech) or imaging large underground cavities [stopes, ore passes (Brooker, Hennesy, Scanning laser range finders operating in the (near) infrared have found more widespread application in the mining environment, arguably due to the lower sensor costs and maturity of the technology. Although there has been minimal commercial uptake beyond simple see-not-see safety systems, research and prototype applications have ranged from moderate-scale digital terrain mapping for automation purposes on draglines (Corke, Roberts, & Winstanley, 2000;Roberts, Winstanley, & Corke, 2003) and other excavators (Singh, 1997;Stentz, Bares, Singh, & Rowe, 1999) through vehicle tracking for traffic control (Duff, Usher, & Ridley, 2006), machine component tracking (Duff, 2006;Hall & Keays, 1993), automatic dozer and grader blade control (systems by Trimble and others), and underground mine mapping (Baker et al, 2004;Huber & Vandapel, 2006;Nüchter, Surmann, Lingemann, & Hertzberg, 2004;Shaffer, Stentz, Whittaker, & Fitzpatrick, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of laser and radar ranging devices in adverse environmental conditions

Ryde

Hillier

2009

Journal of Field Robotics

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A comparative evaluation of millimeter-wave radar and two-dimensional scanning lasers in dust and rain conditions for sensor applications in field robotics is presented. A robust and reliable method for measuring the level of suspended dust (or other obscurant media) by determining the transmission coefficient is developed and used for quantitative assessment of sensor performance. The criteria of target acquisition reliability, precision, and accuracy under varying environmental conditions are assessed via sensor operation in a controlled environment. This environment generated dust and rain of varying densities. Sensor performance is also assessed for the potential effect on digital terrain mapping and haul truck localization due to sensor-specific behaviors in these conditions (e.g., false targets, increased noise). Trials on a research electric face shovel are conducted to test observed behaviors. It is concluded that laser scanners are suitable for environments with transmissions exceeding 92%-93%/m for targets closer than 25 m. The radar remained relatively unaffected by the generated conditions of rain (50-70 mm/h) and dust (10-m visibility); however, its accuracy (0.1 m with a corner reflector and 0.3 m on a haul truck), free-space clutter, and scan rate were insufficient for locating unmodified haul trucks for this application. C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of laser and radar ranging devices in adverse environmental conditions

Ryde

Hillier

2009

Journal of Field Robotics

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“…TRI has therefore been successfully used in open pit mining environments for hazard assessment and early warning of slope failures (Reeves et al, 2000;Harries et al, 2006;Eberhardt et al, 2008;Harries et al, 2009;Severin et al, 2011;Osasan, 2012;Agliardi et al, 2013). TRI has therefore been successfully used in open pit mining environments for hazard assessment and early warning of slope failures (Reeves et al, 2000;Harries et al, 2006;Eberhardt et al, 2008;Harries et al, 2009;Severin et al, 2011;Osasan, 2012;Agliardi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Recent Applications Of Tri For Measuring Surface Change In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of terrestrial radar interferometry for measuring surface change in the geosciences

Caduff

Schlunegger

Kos

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

156

105

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This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in the use of terrestrial radar interferometry for the detection of surface changes related to mass movement. Different hardware‐types and acquisition concepts are described, which use either real or synthetic aperture for radar image formation. We present approaches for data processing procedures, paying special attention to the separation of high resolution displacement information from atmospheric phase variations. Recent case studies are used to illustrate applications in terrestrial radar interferometry for change detection. Applications range from detection and quantification of very slow moving (millimeters to centimeters per year) displacements in rock walls from repeat monitoring, to rapid processes resulting in fast displacements (~50 m/yr) acquired during single measurement campaigns with durations of only a few hours. Fast and episodic acting processes such as rockfall and snow avalanches can be assessed qualitatively in the spatial domain by mapping decorrelation caused by those processes. A concluding guide to best practice outlines the necessary preconditions that have to be fulfilled for successful application of the technique, as well as in areas characterized by rapid decorrelation. Empirical data from a Ku‐band sensor show the range of temporal decorrelation of different surfaces after more than two years for rock‐surfaces and after a few seconds to minutes in vegetated areas during windy conditions. The examples show that the displacement field can be measured for landslides in dense grassland, ice surfaces on flowing glaciers and snowpack creep. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…However, the smaller aperture requirements, and hence lower overall size and weight, make the millimetre wave option the more practical, albeit more expensive. In many above ground installations, the size requirement is not an issue and a number of quite large microwave and millimetre wave systems have been constructed for imaging and slope stability applications (Reeves, Stickley et al 2000;Macfarlane and Robertson 2004).…”

Section: Selection Of the Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Of A Suite Of Smart Millimetre Wave Radar Systems For Situational Awareness And Automation In Mines

Brooker

Bishop²,

Hennessy³

2008

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems

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Abstract-This paper defines the issues required for the development of successful visualisation sensors for use in open cut and underground mines. It examines the mine environment and considers both the reflectivity of the rock and attenuation effects of dust and water droplets. Millimetre wave technology, as an alternative to the more commonly used laser and sonar implementations, is selected due to its superior penetration through adverse atmospheric conditions. Of the available radar techniques, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) is selected as being the most robust. The theoretical performance of a number of 94GHz FMCW millimetre wave radar systems is determined and these confirm the capability of these sensors in the mining environment. The paper describes implementations of FMCW radar sensors for simple ranging, two dimensional line scanning and three dimensional imaging that are based on a common ranging module and in the case of the 2D and 3D applications, a common swash-plate mirror scanner. Data obtained during field trials in mines is presented to justify the selection of this technology

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Developments in monitoring mine slope stability using radar interferometry

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Performance of laser and radar ranging devices in adverse environmental conditions

Performance of laser and radar ranging devices in adverse environmental conditions

A review of terrestrial radar interferometry for measuring surface change in the geosciences

Evolution Of A Suite Of Smart Millimetre Wave Radar Systems For Situational Awareness And Automation In Mines

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