Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment, Modeling, Mapping, and Monitoring from Regional to Submicroscopic Scales

Shahid, Shabbir A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_1

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…High levels of salt in the soil adversely impact the agricultural productivity of the fertile coastal lands and have serious ecological and socio-economic implications. The latest global estimates suggest that over 1 billion ha of land are affected by varying degrees of soil salinization [1]. It is also estimated that, by 2050, 50% of arable lands will be affected by some degree of soil salinity [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Long-Term Changes in Soil Salinity to Paddy Land Abandonment in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Gopalakrishnan

Kumar

2021

Agriculture

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Soil salinity is a serious threat to coastal agriculture and has resulted in a significant reduction in agricultural output in many regions. Jaffna Peninsula, a semi-arid region located in the northern-most part of Sri Lanka, is also a victim of the adverse effects of coastal salinity. This study investigated long-term soil salinity changes and their link with agricultural land use changes, especially paddy land. Two Landsat images from 1988 and 2019 were used to map soil salinity distribution and changes. Another set of images was analyzed at four temporal periods to map abandoned paddy lands. A comparison of changes in soil salinity with abandoned paddy lands showed that abandoned paddy lands had significantly higher salinity than active paddy lands, confirming that increasing salts owing to the high levels of sea water intrusion in the soils, as well as higher water salinity in wells used for irrigation, could be the major drivers of degradation of paddy lands. The results also showed that there was a dramatic increase in soil salinity (1.4-fold) in the coastal lowlands of Jaffna Peninsula. 64.6% of the salinity-affected land was identified as being in the extreme saline category. In addition to reducing net arable lands, soil salinization has serious implications for food security and the livelihoods of farmers, potentially impacting the regional and national economy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Long-Term Changes in Soil Salinity to Paddy Land Abandonment in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Gopalakrishnan

Kumar

2021

Agriculture

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“…A current report states that more than 1 billion hectares of land have been damaged by salinity as a result of anthropogenic activities [1]. With current practices, salinization could affect half of the currently cultivated land by 2050 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Positive Effect of Different 24-epiBL Pretreatments on Salinity Tolerance in Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings

Yue

Zhang

et al. 2018

Forests

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As a brassinosteroid (BR), 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) has been widely used to enhance the resistance of plants to multiple stresses, including salinity. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a common species in degraded soils. In the current study, plants were pretreated with three levels of 24-epiBL (0.21, 0.62, or 1.04 µM) by either soaking seeds during the germination phase (Sew), foliar spraying (Spw), or root dipping (Diw) at the age of 6 months. The plants were exposed to salt stress (100 and 200 mM NaCl) via automatic drip-feeding (water content~40%) for 45 days after each treatment. Increased salinity resulted in a decrease in net photosynthesis rate (P n ), stomatal conductance (G s ), intercellular:ambient CO 2 concentration ratio (C i /C a ), water-use efficiency (WUE i ), and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (F v /F m ). Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and thermal dissipation (H d ) were elevated under stress, which accompanied the reduction in the membrane steady index (MSI), water content (RWC), and pigment concentration (Chl a, Chl b, and Chl). Indicators of oxidative stress (i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in leaves and Na + content in chloroplasts increased accompanied by a reduction in chloroplastid K + and Ca 2+ . At 200 mM NaCl, the chloroplast and thylakoid ultrastructures were severely disrupted. Exogenous 24-epiBL improved MSI, RWC, K + , and Ca 2+ content, reduced Na + levels, maintained chloroplast and thylakoid membrane structures, and enhanced the antioxidant ability in leaves. 24-epiBL also substantially alleviated stress-induced limitations of photosynthetic ability, reflected by elevated chlorophyll fluorescence, pigment levels, and P n . The positive effects of alleviating salt stress in R. pseudoacacia seedlings in terms of treatment application was Diw > Sew > Spw, and the most positive impacts were seen with 1.04 µM 24-epiBL. These results provide diverse choice for 24-epiBL usage to defend against NaCl stress of a plant.

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“…Soil salinity and sodicity are the two major concerns in irrigated agriculture in dry regions of the world, and they are increasing worldwide due to poor management of water and soil resources (Shahid, 2013). Periodic information on the status of soil salinity and sodicity in irrigation districts can suggest management practices and corrective measures to improve the profitability and sustainability of irrigated agriculture (Young, 1991;Rhoades et al, 1997;Herrero et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis of soil salination-desalination in a semi-arid irrigated district of Spain

2017

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Long-term studies of the changes in soil salinity are scarce and most overlook individual ions. Here, we assess changes in soil ionic contents using 42 soils repeatedly sampled during three campaigns over 24 years in a semi-arid irrigated district. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of ions and the temporal changes at comparable soil depths in relation to environmental and management factors. In general, the position of the soil in the landscape governed the spatial distribution of the salinity, while the temporal variations were related to irrigation, with incidences depending on the location in the district. Many soils on the slopes and foothills became salinated during the first years due to land leveling, but salination eventually tapered off after sprinkler utilization. At high and middle elevations, most soils were slightly saline in the first campaign but underwent desalination during the study period. At lower elevations, an initial desalination was followed by a pronounced salination, which was attributed to a water table rise with generalized irrigation in the basin. Whereas univariate salinity assessment might lead to conclusions that are over-simplistic at the landscape scale, MVA detects singular

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Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment, Modeling, Mapping, and Monitoring from Regional to Submicroscopic Scales

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Linking Long-Term Changes in Soil Salinity to Paddy Land Abandonment in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Linking Long-Term Changes in Soil Salinity to Paddy Land Abandonment in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

The Positive Effect of Different 24-epiBL Pretreatments on Salinity Tolerance in Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings

Multivariate analysis of soil salination-desalination in a semi-arid irrigated district of Spain

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