Developments in the weighing method of automatic crystal pulling

Bardsley, William G.; Cockayne, B.; Green, G.W.; Hurle, D.T.J.; Joyce, G.C.; Roslington, J. M.; Tufton, P.J.; Webber, H. C.; Healey, M.

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(74)90337-6

Cited by 64 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The single crystals of InP studied herein were all grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) technique [5] incorporating automatic diameter control based on the crucible weighing method [6] and using starting materials and experimental procedures described fully in ~ an earlier paper [7]. Both <100> and <1 1 1> axis undoped crystals were grown and typical figures for room-temperature carrier concentration and mobility were 3 x 10 is cm -3 and 4500cm 2 V -1 see -1 , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of faulted prismatic dislocation loops in single crystals of undoped InP

1981

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-voltage transmission electron microscopy has shown that undoped single crystals of indium phosphide, grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski technique, can contain linear arrays of faulted dislocation loops. The plane of the loops is (1 1 0), the fault vector is i [1 1 0] and the Burgers vector of the dislocation loop is n 1 [1 1 0]. A direct correlation has been obtained between these loops and arrays of both ridge and prism features revealed by chemical etching. Sequential use of two etchants has also established a direct link between the faulted dislocation loops and the slip dislocations induced by thermal stresses during crystal growth. A study of a number of crystals grown from differently prepared starting materials suggests that the formation of the loops is associated with departures from stoichiometry and inhibited by the presence of dopant impurities.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of faulted prismatic dislocation loops in single crystals of undoped InP

1981

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The group developed ,a crucible weighing assembly for the use in the pressure chamber of a liquid encapsulation pressure puller and have successfully demonstrated the automatic growth of indium phosphide, gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide single crystals (Bardsley et al [172]). The choice between crystal weighing and crucible weighing is a fine one.…”

Section: Crystal and Crucible Weighingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Pulling from the Melt

Hurle

1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This can be evaluated by a controller. However, the measured force is also inuenced by forces resulting from the meniscus [34,42] making the correct interpretation of the signal more complicated. Furthermore, if the density of the solid is smaller than the density of the liquid, a well known anomaly comes into play which consists of the fact that, e.g., an increase in the dierential weight gain signal does not necessarily reect an increase of the crystal diameter.…”

Section: Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Automation of the Czochralski Crystal Growth Process

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On the occasion of the centennial of the invention of the Czochralski crystal growth process by the Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, a review of selected strategies for the automatic control of this process is given. This review provides a sketch of the fundamental challenges of controlling the Czochralski process and the basic concepts of feedback control. Both early and modern approaches to the control of the Czochralski process are described.The discussion focuses on questions related to feed-forward control, feedback control, and state estimation. The presented methods rely on simple mathematical process models in contrast to the nite element model-based approaches typically used in crystal growth process design and analysis. Such mathematical models motivate both the structure and parameters of the chosen controller. A comprehensive list of references to background literature on this topic completes this survey.

show abstract

Developments in the weighing method of automatic crystal pulling

Cited by 64 publications

References 5 publications

The identification of faulted prismatic dislocation loops in single crystals of undoped InP

The identification of faulted prismatic dislocation loops in single crystals of undoped InP

Crystal Pulling from the Melt

A Review of the Automation of the Czochralski Crystal Growth Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About