“…In the context of cities and regions, innovation systems increasingly appear as rich ecosystems, shifting from a double, to triple, to quadruple "helix" Campbell, 2009 and, inaugurating new models of open collaboration for innovation involving a wide array of diverse stakeholders: academic research, public organizations, private organizations (large firms, SMEs and startups) and citizensas users and contributors -, through associations and "the plural society". In this context, Mérindol and Versailles argue than many different versions of "open labs" are emerging and flourishing as an organizational solution to the integration of multiple heterogenous stakeholders, at different steps of the innovation value-chain (Mérindol and Versailles 2017;Mérindol et al 2016). Among these "open labs" and initiatives of connection and co-location of stakeholders, incubators appear to generate the most significant economic results in the context of regional systems of innovation, in terms of new firms creation, innovation projects for established firms, and overall economic results (Madaleno et al 2018, Harper-Anderson andLewis 2018).…”