Deviant spontaneous neural activity as a potential early-response predictor for therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

ObjectivePrevious studies have established significant differences in the neuroimaging characteristics between healthy controls (HCs) and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the relationship between homotopic connectivity and clinical features in patients with SCZ is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, there are currently no established neuroimaging biomarkers available for the diagnosis of SCZ or for predicting early treatment response. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between regional homogeneity and specific clinical features in SCZ patients.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal investigation involving 56 patients with SCZ and 51 HCs. The SCZ patients underwent a 3-month antipsychotic treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), regional homogeneity (ReHo), support vector machine (SVM), and support vector regression (SVR) were used for data acquisition and analysis.ResultsIn comparison to HCs, individuals with SCZ demonstrated reduced ReHo values in the right postcentral/precentral gyrus, left postcentral/inferior parietal gyrus, left middle/inferior occipital gyrus, and right middle temporal/inferior occipital gyrus, and increased ReHo values in the right putamen. It is noteworthy that there was decreased ReHo values in the right inferior parietal gyrus after treatment compared to baseline data.ConclusionThe observed decrease in ReHo values in the sensorimotor network and increase in ReHo values in the right putamen may represent distinctive neurobiological characteristics of patients with SCZ, as well as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for distinguishing between patients with SCZ and HCs. Furthermore, ReHo values in the sensorimotor network and right putamen may serve as predictive indicators for early treatment response in patients with SCZ.

Differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and cognitive function between untreated major depressive disorder and schizophrenia with depressive mood patients

“…Compared to healthy controls (HC), individuals with MDD exhibit reduced performance across various cognitive domains, including information processing speed, working memory, language acquisition, memory, visual spatial learning, and more [ 7 – 9 ]. In contrast, individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) demonstrate a broader range of executive and cognitive deficits, encompassing cognitive flexibility, attention, processing speed, and response inhibition, among other aspects [ 10 , 11 ]. There is a strong association between cognitive impairment and the prognosis and symptoms of patients with SCZ and MDD.…”