Deviation of international practical temperatures from thermodynamic temperatures in the temperature range from 273.16 K to 730 K

Guildner, L. A.; Edsinger, R. E.

doi:10.6028/jres.080a.068

Cited by 91 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Following reference [9], we attempted to interpret these observations in terms of smooth, axisymmetric imperfections in the resonator's geometry. (The calculations use unpublished notes and eqs (67)(68)(69) of reference [9]. Note that eq (69) of this reference should be corrected to read 1.0= -I.…”

Section: Geometry Of the Assembled Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the universal gas-constant R using a spherical acoustic resonator

Moldover¹,

Trusler²,

Edwards³

et al. 1988

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

244

330

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We report a new determination of the Universal Gas Constant R: (8.314471 ±0.OOOOI4)J.mol-1 K-1• The uncertainty in the new value is 1.7 ppm (standard error), a factor of 5 smaller than the uncertainty in the best previous value. The gas constant was determined from measurements of the speed of sound in argon as a function of pressure at the temperature of the triple point of water. The speed of sound was measured with a spherical resonator whose volume was determined by weighing the mercury required to fill it at the temperature of the tri~le point. The molar mass of the argon was determined by comparing the speed of sound in it to the speed of sound in a standard sample of argon of accurately known chemical and isotoptic composition.

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Section: Geometry Of the Assembled Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(The calculations use unpublished notes and eqs (67)(68)(69) of reference [9]. Note that eq (69) of this reference should be corrected to read 1.0= -I. )…”

Section: Geometry Of the Assembled Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the universal gas-constant R using a spherical acoustic resonator

Moldover¹,

Trusler²,

Edwards³

et al. 1988

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

244

330

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“…Guildner and Edsinger [5] have recently made measurements on the realization of the the rmodynami c te mpe rature scale from 273.16 to 730 K by means of gas the rmom etry. Unfortunately there are no similar high precision measurements below 273 .16 K. Therefore, it will be assumed that th e International Practi cal Temperature Scale of 1968 (JPTS-68) [6] is a sufficiently close approximation to the absolute thermodynamic te mpe rature so that the th e rmal quantities given in terms of IPTS-68 can be used in eq (5) .…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately there are no similar high precision measurements below 273 .16 K. Therefore, it will be assumed that th e International Practi cal Temperature Scale of 1968 (JPTS-68) [6] is a sufficiently close approximation to the absolute thermodynamic te mpe rature so that the th e rmal quantities given in terms of IPTS-68 can be used in eq (5) . From the triple point to -100°C the tempe rature t in degrees Celsius has the same nume ri cal values on the Inte rnational Temperature Scale of 1927 (ITS-27) [7], the Inte rnational Te mpera- …”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor pressure formulation for ice

Wexler¹

1977

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

131

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A new fonn ulation is presenl ed for Ih e vapor press ure of ice from Ihe triple point to -100°C based on thermodynamic calculations. Use is made of Ih e d efinilive ex pe rim e nlal value of the vapor pressure of waler a t its triple poinl recentl y oblain ed by Cuildner , Johnson, and Jones. A tab le is given of Ihe vapor press ure as a function of le mpe rature at O.I-d egree inl e rv a ls ove r Ihe range 0 10 -100°C, logel he r wilh Ihe values of Ih e lemperature derivative at I-degree inl e rvals . T he formu laLion is compa red with published ex perime nlal meas urement s and vapor pressure equaLi ons. It is eslima led Ih at Ihi s formu lalion predi cls Ihe vapor pressure of ice wit h an ove rall unce rtainl y Ihal vari es from 0.016 pe rce nl al the Iripl e poinl 10 0.50 percenl a l -100°C.K ey wo rd s: C lausius-C lapey ron equation; sa turation vapor press ure over ice; th e rm a l properti es of ice; vapor pressure; vapor pressure at th e triple point; vapor pressure of ice; waler vapor. Introd uctionIn meteorology , air conditioning, a nd hygrometry, parti c ularly in the maintenance and use of standards and generators in calibrations and in prec is ion meas ure me nts, accurate values of the vapor pressure of the pure wa ter-s ubstan ce are essential. Because of this Wexle r and Greenspan [1]1 rece ntly published a ne w vapor pressure fo rmulation for the pure liquid phase, based on th e rm ody namic calc ulations, whic h is in excell e nt agreement from 25 to 100 DC with the prec ise measu reme nts of Stimson [2]. Wexler [3 ] s ubsequently re vised this formulation to ma ke it consis te nt with the defi nitive experi mental value of the vapor pressure of water at its triple point obtained by Guildner, Joh nson, and Jones . The purpose of this present paper is to apply a similar method of calculation to the pure ice phase and derive a ne w formulation for temperatures down to -100 DC. This new formulation for ice is constrained to yield th e id e ntical value of vapor pressure at the triple point as that given by the revised formulation for the liquid phase.A critical examination of the experimental vapor-pressure data of ice discloses the disconcerting fact that the dispersion among those values far exceeds modern accuracy re quirements. This dispersion arises, in part , from the inhe re nt difficulties ex p eri e nced by investigators in making precision measureme nts of these low pressures and from th e ambiguities in the te mpe rature scale used in th e early 19 00's when several major series of determinations were made. Thermodynamic calculations, based on acc urate thermal data, provide an alternate route to th e determination of vapor pressure. It is therefore not surprising that s uc h calculations have been made repeatedly for ice with varying degrees of success . It is interesting to note that these calculations have been preferred over the existent experimental vapor pressures, primarily because the calculations appear to yield less uncertainty than the measurements . . DerivationThe Clau...

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Temperature Measurement

Fischer

2009

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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Accurate measurement and control of temperature is important in many areas such as in the process industry and for the characterisation of materials used in the automotive, aerospace and semiconductor industries. This contribution reviews the current status of temperature measurement. It starts after a brief introduction on the idea of temperature with the description of the main fundamental methods to measure it concentrating on the temperature range important for applications. Different variants of gas thermometry, noise thermometry and the optical methods applying Doppler‐broadening spectroscopy and thermal radiation measurement are reported. The presently adopted international temperature scales to harmonize and facilitate practical temperature measurement are following including the most frequently used practical thermometers such as resistance thermometers, thermocouples and radiation thermometers. New developments like standards based on metal‐carbon eutectic phase transitions and the proposed new definition of the Kelvin based on a fundamental constant conclude the overview.

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Deviation of international practical temperatures from thermodynamic temperatures in the temperature range from 273.16 K to 730 K

Cited by 91 publications

References 11 publications

Measurement of the universal gas-constant R using a spherical acoustic resonator

Measurement of the universal gas-constant R using a spherical acoustic resonator

Vapor pressure formulation for ice

Temperature Measurement

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