Deviation of xenogeneic immune response and bystander suppression in rats fed porcine blood mononuclear cells

Bridle, Byram W.; Wilkie, B.N.; Jevnikar, Anthony M.; Mallard, Bonnie A.

doi:10.1016/j.trim.2007.01.010

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These rats synthesized lower anti-OVA IgG1 and IgG2a titers than OVA-immunized reference animals [12]. In rats, IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes seem to be associated with the Th2 immune response, and IgG2b and IgG2c seem to be dependent on the Th1 response [21][22][23][24]. Therefore, it could be suggested that a cocoa diet down-regulates the Th2 antibody response in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa‐enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats

Pérez-Berezo

Franch

Ramos-Romero

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa‐enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats

Pérez-Berezo

Franch

Ramos-Romero

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…IgG isotypes can be associated with Th1 or Th2 immunity. In the rat, IgG1 and IgG2a are related to the Th2 response, while IgG2b depends on the Th1 response (Binder et al, 1995; Gracie and Bradley, 1996; Saoudi et al, 1999; Bridle et al, 2007). These results agree with others that evaluated certain food polyphenols, such as those from apple or soybean (Akiyama et al, 2005; Kogiso et al, 2006).…”

Section: Influence Of Cocoa On Adaptive Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cocoa on the immune system

Pérez-Cano¹,

Massot-Cladera²,

Franch³

et al. 2013

Front. Pharmacol.

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Cocoa is a food relatively rich in polyphenols, which makes it a potent antioxidant. Due to its activity as an antioxidant, as well as through other mechanisms, cocoa consumption has been reported to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, brain functions, and cancer prevention. Furthermore, cocoa influences the immune system, in particular the inflammatory innate response and the systemic and intestinal adaptive immune response. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that a cocoa-enriched diet modifies T cell functions that conduce to a modulation of the synthesis of systemic and gut antibodies. In this regard, it seems that a cocoa diet in rats produces changes in the lymphocyte composition of secondary lymphoid tissues and the cytokines secreted by T cells. These results suggest that it is possible that cocoa could inhibit the function of T helper type 2 cells, and in line with this, the preventive effect of cocoa on IgE synthesis in a rat allergy model has been reported, which opens up new perspectives when considering the beneficial effects of cocoa compounds. On the other hand, cocoa intake modifies the functionality of gut-associated lymphoid tissue by means of modulating IgA secretion and intestinal microbiota. The mechanisms involved in these influences are discussed here. Further research may elucidate the cocoa compounds involved in such an effect and also the possible medical approaches to these repercussions.

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“…Studying a Taiwanese population, Chao et al (19) also found no correlation between diet and anti-pig antibody levels; vegetarians had a slightly higher (though not significant) level of anti-pig IgM and greater serum cytotoxicity than meat-eating subjects. It has been demonstrated that, following immunization with pig PBMC, rats (fed on pig PBMC) have decreased cell-mediated immunity and T H 1-based antibody production (involved in complement-based immunity) (38). The decrease in type 1 antibodies is offset by an increase in type 2 antibodies with no change in total antibody level (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that, following immunization with pig PBMC, rats (fed on pig PBMC) have decreased cell-mediated immunity and T H 1-based antibody production (involved in complement-based immunity) (38). The decrease in type 1 antibodies is offset by an increase in type 2 antibodies with no change in total antibody level (38). A possible role for environmental exposure (pork consumption) has been suggested in the development of primed T cell memory against swine antigens (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Correlation Between Anti-Pig Antibody Levels in Humans and Geographic Location During Childhood?

Kumar

Satyananda²,

Fang³

et al. 2013

Transplantation

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Background An initial observation suggested high levels of anti-pig antibodies in healthy humans who had spent their childhood in the Middle-East. We tested larger cohorts to determine whether anti-pig antibody levels correlated with the geographic location in which the subject spent his/her childhood, as this might have implications for clinical trials of xenotransplantation. Methods Anti-pig IgM and IgG levels (by flow cytometry using PBMC from wild-type [WT] and α1, 3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout [GTKO] pigs), and anti-Gal IgM and IgG levels (by ELISA) were measured in 75 volunteers. Comparisons of antibody levels were also made on the basis of subject age, gender, ABO blood group, diet, and history of vaccination. Results Antibody binding to GTKO pig cells was less than to WT cells. There was a reduction in anti-pig IgM and anti-Gal IgM, but a slight increase in anti-non Gal IgG, with age. Women had higher levels of anti-Gal IgM than men. Blood group A subjects had higher levels of anti-pig IgM and IgG than those of group AB. Diet had no influence on antibody levels. Typhoid or MMR vaccination was associated with lower anti-nonGal IgG or anti-Gal IgG, respectively, whereas influenza vaccination was associated with higher anti-nonGal IgG. There were some significant variations in antibody levels associated with location during childhood, with subjects from the middle-east demonstrating higher anti-nonGal IgG and anti-Gal IgG. Conclusion Clinical trials of xenotransplantation may be influenced by various factors, including the geographic location of the recipient during childhood, possibly associated with exposure to different microorganisms.

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Deviation of xenogeneic immune response and bystander suppression in rats fed porcine blood mononuclear cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Cocoa‐enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats

Cocoa‐enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats

The effects of cocoa on the immune system

Is There a Correlation Between Anti-Pig Antibody Levels in Humans and Geographic Location During Childhood?

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