Deviations from the superposition model in a Dual Parton Model with formation zone cascade in both projectile and target nuclei

Battistoni, G.; Forti, C.; Ranft, J.; Roesler, S.

doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(96)00075-8

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Besides, PQCD effects may be of importance for the transverse broadening of the shower. It would be convenient to apply the different models for multiparticle production to simulations of cosmic ray atmospheric showers [113,114].…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Physics and Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Rapidity Densities of Charged Particles at Rhic and LHC

Armesto

Pajares

2000

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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Predictions on central rapidity densities of charged particles at energies of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for central collisions between the largest nuclei that will be available at these accelerators, are reviewed. Differences among the results of the existing models are discussed in relation with their underlying physical basis and with the possibilities to discriminate them. US-FT/2-00 UCOFIS 1/00 hep-ph/0002163 * Referring to the last question, in Fig. 1 it is shown the pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles from different models for central Pb-Pb collisions at a beam energy of 3 TeV per nucleon; this plot has been taken from the ALICE 4 Technical Proposal [22] done by the ALICE Event Generator Pool in December 1995. The results according to Monte Carlo codes of several models show large differences at central pseudorapidity. Indeed, between the String Fusion Model (SFM) [23] and the VENUS [24] or SHAKER [25] codes there is a factor larger than 4 at η = 0, while the difference in the fragmentation regions (|η| ≥ 5) is smaller.At RHIC energy 5 the difference is about a factor 2 -most models give results in the range 700 ÷ 1500.These uncertainties in one of the most elementary aspects of the collision, may leave us uncomfortable regarding the necessity to keep under control the conventional physics of heavy ions to clearly distinguish the signatures of QGP and/or collective effects in the proposed observables. Needless to say, from the experimental point of view it is crucial to know whether there will be 2000 or 8000 charged particles per unit rapidity in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC for the design of the detectors. For these reasons we review in this paper charged particle central rapidity density predictions of different models for central collisions between the largest nuclei that will be available at RHIC and LHC, discussing the origin of the differences among the results.According to their origin, models can be classified into three categories. On the one hand, some models like Dual Parton Model (DPM) [27,28,29], its Monte Carlo implementation DPMJET [30, 31], Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM) [32], FRITIOF [33], SFM [23, 34, 35], Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (RQMD) [36, 37, 38], Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) [39, 40], VENUS [24] or its new version NEXUS [41], and LUCIAE [42] mainly pay attention to the soft part of the collision (there is no need of a hard perturbative part at SPS energies). The hard part in some of these models is included adding to the elementary soft cross section the jet one, as an input for the eikonalized cross section.On the contrary, other models like the Heavy-Ion Jet Interaction Generator (HIJING)[43], Eskola et al. [44], and Geiger and Müller [45] are mainly focused to the hard part. They compute the number of minijets or partons with transverse momentum larger than a given p ⊥0 ≥ 1÷2 GeV/c. These hard partons are taken [46] as the starting point of an evolution and expansion previous to h...

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Section: Cosmic Ray Physics and Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Rapidity Densities of Charged Particles at Rhic and LHC

Armesto

Pajares

2000

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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“…In practice in Monte Carlo solutions of the cascade equation it is straightforward to remove this approximation given a model of nuclear fragmentation, (e.g. Battistoni, et al, 1997 The flux of nucleons. The heavy black line shows the numerical form of Eq.…”

Section: Atmospheric Secondariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FLUKA program ( Fassò et al, 2001) is a general code for transport and interaction of particles through detectors of various types, including a layered representation of the atmosphere. The FLUKA interaction model (Battistoni et al, 2004) is built into the code and cannot be replaced by a different event generator.…”

Section: Air Showersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outstanding Problems in Particle Astrophysics

Gaisser

NATO Science Series

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The general features of the cosmic-ray spectrum have been known for a long time. Although the basic approaches to understanding cosmic-ray propagation and acceleration have also been well understood for many years, there are several questions of great interest that motivate the current intense experimental activity in the field. If the energy-dependence of the secondary to primary ratio of galactic cosmic rays is as steep as observed, why is the flux of PeV particles so nearly isotropic? Can all antiprotons and positrons be explained as secondaries or is there some contribution from exotic sources? What is the maximum energy of cosmic accelerators? Is the "knee" of the cosmic-ray spectrum an effect of propagation or does it perhaps reflect the upper limit of galactic acceleration processes? Are gamma-ray burst sources (GRBs) and/or active galactic nuclei (AGN) accelerators of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) as well as sources of high-energy photons? Are GRBs and/or AGNs also sources of high-energy neutrinos? If there are indeed particles with energies greater than the cutoff expected from propagation through the microwave background radiation, what are their sources? The purpose of this lecture is to introduce the main topics of the School and to relate the theoretical questions to the experiments that can answer them.

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Indirect Detection of Cosmic Rays

Engel

Schmidt

2021

Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging

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Deviations from the superposition model in a Dual Parton Model with formation zone cascade in both projectile and target nuclei

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Central Rapidity Densities of Charged Particles at Rhic and LHC

Central Rapidity Densities of Charged Particles at Rhic and LHC

Outstanding Problems in Particle Astrophysics

Indirect Detection of Cosmic Rays

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