Device Integrity of Drug-eluting Depot Stent for Smart Drug Delivery

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a condition in which plaque, made of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin, builds up inside the arteries. A metallic stent is a small mesh tube that is used to treat these narrowed arteries such as coronary artery diseases. The drug-eluting stent has a metallic stent platform coated with drug-polymer mix and has been shown to be superior to its metallic stent counterpart in reducing restenosis. In the past few years, a novel variation of the drug-eluting stent with micro-sized drug reservoirs (depot stent) has been introduced to the market. It allows smart programmable drug delivery with spatial/temporal control and has potential advantages over conventional stents. The drug-polymer mix compound can be altered from one reservoir to the next, allowing a highlycontrolled release of different medications. For example, this depot stent concept can be applied in the renal indication for potential treatment of both renal artery stenosis (upstream) and its associated kidney diseases (downstream) simultaneously. However, the creation of such drug reservoirs on the stent struts inevitably compromises its mechanical integrity. In this study, the effects of these drug reservoirs on stent key clinical attributes were systematically investigated. We developed finite element models to predict the mechanical integrity of a balloon-expandable stent at various stages of its function life such as manufacturing and acute deployment, as well as the stent radial strength and chronic fatigue life. Simulation results show that (1) creating drug reservoirs on a stent strut could impact the stent fatigue resistance to certain degrees; (2) drug reservoirs on the high stress concentration regions led to much greater loss in all key clinical attributes than reservoirs on other locations; (3) reservoir shape change resulted in little differences in all key clinical attributes; and (4) for the same drug loading capacity, larger and fewer reservoirs yielded

Recent Advances in Manufacturing Innovative Stents

“…Depot stents design: depot stents design optimization has been performed by Hsiao et al [239]. Unlike drug-eluting stents, the depot stent does not need to be surface-coated.…”

A Single-Connector Stent Antenna for Intravascular Monitoring Applications

“…To verify that the mechanical properties of the stent antennas fulfilled the requirements, mechanical finite element simulations were conducted in commercial software, ABAQUS (Dassault System Simulia Corp., Velizy Villacoublay, France). In accordance with the practical balloon expansion processes of stents, a cylindrical stent with an initial diameter of 1.5 mm was expanded to a diameter of 2.2 mm to simulate balloon expansion, as shown in Figure 7 [33]. Then the oversized stent was compressed to the desired diameter of 2 mm to simulate the radial force of the blood vessel walls.…”