Device Performance of Small-Molecule Azomethine-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Petrus, Michiel L.; Morgenstern, Frederik S. F.; Sadhanala, Aditya; Friend, Richard H.; Greenham, Neil C.; Dingemans, Theo J.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00313

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…[215] In particular, the authors have designed a new small molecule, termed "EDOT-OMeTPA" based on previous azomethine work. [215][216][217][218] As a hole-transporting layer in perovskite solar cells, this material achieved device efficiencies comparable to Spiro-OMeTAD. The good photovoltaic performance has been attributed to the fast injection of holes in the material, which outcompetes secondorder recombination.…”

Section: Long-term Viability: Stability and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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Section: Long-term Viability: Stability and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

318

201

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“…Furthermore, the properties of this group of compounds can be rather easily modified by chemical doping of the imine bond [2]. Azomethines have been tested as components in photovoltaic cells [6,[8][9][10] and light-emitting diodes [5,[11][12][13][14][15]. Considering the influence of imines chemical structure on potential applications in organic electronics, it has been found that the most promising are heterocyclic azomethines and especially interesting seem to be imines with thiophene structure [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical azomethines with thiophene core: structure–properties investigations

et al. 2019

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Unsymmetrical and symmetrical azomethines were obtained using the condensation reaction of diamino-thiophene-3,4 dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester with 4-(1-pyrrolidino)benzaldehyde, fluorene-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methylindole-3carboxaldehyde, and benzothiazole-2-carboxaldehyde. Their thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated, and the results were supported by calculations using the density functional theory. The studied compounds melted in the range of 170-260°C and can be converted into amorphous materials with high glass transition temperatures between 76 and 135°C. They were thermally stable up to 220-300°C. All imines were electrochemically active and exhibited low energy band gaps below 2 eV (except for one imine with E g = 2.39 eV) determined on the basis of cyclic voltammetry. Most of the azomethines were emissive in solution and in the solid state. Some of them showed both S 1 (first excited state) emission and S 2 (second excited state) emission or only fluorescence from higher excited state, which is first time observed for azomethines. The imine with the most promising properties was tested in a light-emitting diode, and its ability for emission of light under external voltage was demonstrated.

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] As a further step in our contribution of developing donor-acceptor conjugated systems based on BDF, we report here on the synthesis and the electronic properties of extended BDF-thiophene derivatives 1a-d (Scheme 1). The electron donor ability of the thiophene units was strengthened by hexyloxy groups while electron withdrawing pentafluorophenyl, cyano and butylacetate groups were grafted on the BDF units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended benzodifuran–thiophene systems connected with azomethine junctions: synthesis and electronic properties

Moussallem

Gohier

Frère

2015

Tetrahedron Letters

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Device Performance of Small-Molecule Azomethine-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical azomethines with thiophene core: structure–properties investigations

Extended benzodifuran–thiophene systems connected with azomethine junctions: synthesis and electronic properties

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