Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) ameliorates the neurobehavioral changes and neurotoxicity in female rats exposed to arsenic

Abstract

Over 200 million people are exposed to arsenic worldwide in their daily lives. Arsenic is a toxic ubiquitous metalloid distributed in the ground water. From the last few decades it is obtaining considerable attention for its severe neurotoxic properties. In this study the neuroprotective efficacy of devil's claw (DCW), a potent antioxidant has been investigated against arsenic induced neurotoxicity in female rats. Neurotoxicity was established by oral administration of 13 mg/kg sodium arsenite. The animals were divided into five groups (n ¼ 6) including normal control, disease/arsenic control, standard treatment (Apocynin, 10 mg/kg), DCW treatment I (DCW, 200 mg/kg) and DCW treatment II (DCW, 400 mg/kg). Exploratory, anxiety and motor coordination related behavior of the animals was assessed using hole-board, forced swimming, beam walk and elevated plus maze tests. Findings revealed that DCW treatment ameliorated anxiety and motor in-coordination in the rats compared to the arsenic control group. In addition, arsenic induced a significant oxidative stress in arsenic only treated group, whereas coadministration with DCW the oxidative stress was reduced prominently. Arsenic control group produced gliosis and nuclear pyknosis of the brain cells which were prominently suppressed with the treatment of DCW for 21 days. The activity of DCW was in correlation with the concentration of harpagoside in the serum estimated by the HPLC method, supports that harpagoside was the active constituent responsible for neuroprotective effect. Further findings are required to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroprotective effect of harpagoside and DCW.

Analysis of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Osteoarthritic Potential of Flonat Fast®, a Combination of Harpagophytum Procumbens DC. ex Meisn., Boswellia Serrata Roxb., Curcuma longa L., Bromelain and Escin (Aesculus hippocastanum), Evaluated in In Vitro Models of Inflammation Relevant to Osteoarthritis

“…Each compound under investigation was tested for cell toxicity at concentrations corresponding to those potentially achievable in vivo (10–500 µg/mL: E [ 18 ], B [ 19 ], C [ 20 ], HP [ 21 ], and BS [ 22 ]. ), individually and in combination both in the presence or in the absence of TNF-α.…”

“…Because chemical interactions can expose patients to potential toxic risk if combinations of multiple constituents are not accurately and precisely evaluated, we first assessed the toxicity profile of each constituent alone and in combination by measuring total cell protein content and MTT activity. For monocytes, we found that at concentrations comparable to physiologically achievable plasma concentrations, there was no toxicity for E [ 18 ], B [ 19 ], C [ 20 ], HP [ 21 ], and BS [ 22 ]. However, because endothelial cells exhibited higher sensitivity, the bioactives were tested in combination at half the concentrations of each component.…”

The Nutraceuticals as Modern Key to Achieve Erythrocyte Oxidative Stress Fighting in Osteoarthritis

“…The antioxidant profile of HPE was mainly studied in vivo and correlated to neurodegenerative diseases, although oxidative stress is largely involved in all inflammatory pathologies, including OA. Peruru et al analyzed GSH, SOD, and CAT levels in arsenic-induced oxidative stress rat models [ 78 ]. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o of HPE resulted able to restore basal levels of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes.…”

“…On the other hand, MDA and NO content was also alleviated compared to the arsenic control group supporting the antioxidant properties of HPE. Its effect on antioxidant profile resulted to be dose-dependent [ 78 ]. These results supported data previously obtained by Bhattacharya and Bhattacharya in 1998.…”

Neuroprotective effect of quercetin and Zingiber officinale on sodium arsenate‐induced neurotoxicity in rats

“…depression (Coryell et al, 2019;Sodhi et al, 2019). The maximum limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and environmental protection agency (EPA) for arsenic in drinking water is 10 ppb, but levels up to 50 ppb are acceptable in some Asian countries like Bangladesh (Alam et al, 2018;Peruru et al, 2020;Singh et al, 2020).…”