Devil's Den, Florida: Rare Earth Element Analysis Indicates Contemporaneity of Humans and Latest Pleistocene Fauna

Purdy, Barbara A.; Rohlwing, Kathryn; MacFadden, Bruce J.

doi:10.1179/2055556315z.00000000032

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The case of Jaksice II reveals the intra‐assemblage chemical variability at a short‐term occupation open‐air site. Similarly, variability within a homogenous bone assemblage was also known from other sites (Denys et al, ; Iliopoulos et al, ; MacFadden et al, ; Purdy et al, ; Trueman et al, ). It seems logical that the intra‐assemblage minor differences in the chemical composition should be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…REE content is usually used by researchers as an indicator of diagenetic alteration of bones (e.g., Denys et al, ; Iliopoulos et al, ; Purdy et al, ; Trueman & Benton, ; Trueman & Tuross, ; Trueman et al, , ; Trueman, ). The general similarity of all fossil bones from Jaksice II to fresh modern bones is much greater for REE only (Euclidean distance <6.0 according to cluster analysis in Figure b), than for all considered elements (Euclidean distance >13.0 in Figure a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be visible either in a chaotic, nonstratigraphic arrangement of radiocarbon dates yielded from fossil bones (e.g., Krajcarz, Krajcarz, Ginter, Goslar, & Wojtal, ; Lorenc, ; Neruda & Nerudová, ; Otte, Matyukhin, & Flas, ; Pirson, Court‐Picon, Damblon, Balescu, Bonjean et al, ), in the different color and preservation state of bones (e.g., Delaunois, Abrams, Bonjean, Di Modica, & Pirson, ; Rabinovich, Gaudzinski‐Windheuser, Kindler, & Goren‐Inbar, , pp. 205–222), or in the irregular geochemistry of bones excavated from one sedimentary unit (e.g., Iliopoulos, Galanidou, Pergantis, Vamvakaki, & Chaniotakis, ; Krajcarz & Cyrek, ; Krajcarz, ; Purdy, Rohlwing, & MacFadden, ; Trueman & Benton, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrastrata geochemical variability of a Paleolithic bone assemblage: The case of single‐phase Gravettian site Jaksice II, southern Poland

Krajcarz

Wilczyński

2019

Geoarchaeology

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Bone remains constitute the portion of an archaeological assemblage that may record a geochemical signature of the depositional environment and may be used as an indicator of the homogeneity of the assemblage. However, the range of the inner chemical variability inside a single depositional bone assemblage has not been sufficiently studied. In this study, the chemical composition of 60 fossil bones excavated from a single component Paleolithic site was measured and the statistical variability of the set established via multivariate analysis. Fossil bones from a single stratum exhibited weak internal chemical variability, compared with that shown by fresh recent bones, although fossil material is significantly enriched in trace elements. Data presented here may be used as one example of chemical variability for Late Pleistocene fossil bone assemblages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrastrata geochemical variability of a Paleolithic bone assemblage: The case of single‐phase Gravettian site Jaksice II, southern Poland

Krajcarz

Wilczyński

2019

Geoarchaeology

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“…This makes time since deposition the dominant variable affecting REE uptake for the Ryan‐Harley faunal assemblage. As used elsewhere (MacFadden et al, 2010; Purdy, Rohlwing, & MacFadden, 2015), REE analysis is used here to determine whether or not the extinct and extant faunal materials at the site were deposited at roughly the same time. Among the 20 samples analyzed, two paleontological specimens from Units 1 and 2 were submitted as controls.…”

Section: Faunal Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeological investigations at the Ryan‐Harley Paleoindian site, Florida (8JE1004): Implications for human settlement of the Wacissa River Basin during the Younger Dryas

Smith

2020

Geoarchaeology

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Ryan‐Harley (8JE1004) in the Wacissa River of North Florida is one of few sites in the Eastern United States that contains an unfluted lanceolate point component (Suwannee) in a buried context. Extinct and extirpated faunal remains found within the Suwannee artifact layer at Ryan‐Harley have been cited as evidence of a Pleistocene faunal refugium in the Southeastern United States. In 2015, geoarchaeological excavations were undertaken to determine if the Ryan‐Harley Suwannee assemblage is culturally discrete and associated with Pleistocene fauna. Geoarchaeological data demonstrate that the archaeological component was exposed until ~8,000 calbp on a relict eolian landscape before burial. No radiocarbon ages were obtained on either extinct or extant faunal material from the site, and the excavated portion of the geologic stratum containing the artifact assemblage is devoid of other datable organics. Therefore, no unequivocal conclusion can be reached about the association of the extinct faunal material with the Suwannee artifacts. However, multiple lines of evidence fail to reject the hypothesis that the Ryan‐Harley lithic assemblage represents a single occupation of Suwannee point makers. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the Suwannee occupation of Ryan‐Harley most likely occurred during the Younger Dryas (~12,900–11,700 calbp).

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“…Moreover, African grasses, Homo spp., and Homo sapiens have coexisted in Africa much longer than on any other continent (Marean 2015;Faith et al 2016). Native Florida grasses likely once experienced herbivory from C 4 -feeding large mammals such as Equus, Mammuthus, and Bison antiquus (Webb et al 1984;Feranec and MacFadden 2000;Feranec 2004;Feranec and DeSantis 2014), but those mammals have been extinct for at least 10,000 years, likely partly due to the arrival of humans (Haynes 2013;Purdy et al 2015), while Bison bison may have only recently colonized Florida during the 1600s to 1800s (Rostlund 1960). It is unclear if the loss of these selection pressures on Florida grasses in the early Holocene has impacted their suitability for modern grazing and ability to colonize disturbed habitats apparent in some invasive African grasses.…”

Section: Invasive Grasses In Floridamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding specifics in generalist diets of carnivorans by analyzing stable carbon isotope values in Pleistocene mammals of Florida

Feranec¹,

DeSantis²

2014

Paleobiology

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Within ancient ecosystems, it is generally difficult to determine the specific diets of species from higher trophic levels, which in turn hinders our understanding of trophic relationships and energy flow through these systems. To better understand the ecology of taxa at higher trophic levels, we used analysis of tooth enamel stable carbon isotope values to infer the dietary preferences of Canis edwardii and Smilodon gracilis from the Leisey Shell Pit 1A (LSP 1A) and Inglis 1A, two Pleistocene localities in Florida. The goals of the analyses were to (1) determine whether these carnivorans specialized in particular prey types or maintained a generalist diet; (2) ascertain whether carbon isotope values support what was previously suggested about the ecology of these species; and (3) establish what ecological details of ancient food webs can be discovered by carbon isotope analyses at higher trophic levels. Results show that the sampled carnivoran carbon isotope values are distributed among suspected prey isotope values, suggesting that varied prey were taken at the study localities. Prey compositions were modeled for each carnivoran species by using Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR). The modeled diets indicate that each studied carnivoran had a generalist diet; however, there are differences in how these taxa achieved dietary generalization. At the glacial Inglis 1A locality, sampled individuals of C. edwardii and S. gracilis show similar isotope values and modeled dietary prey proportions, although both carnivorans do show a preference for grazing prey species. The similar isotopic values, and calculated prey proportions, observed between these species may imply greater interspecific competition for food. At the interglacial LSP 1A locality, C. edwardii shows values similar to those observed at Inglis 1A. In contrast, the data for S. gracilis shows a preference for consuming browsing prey species. Further, its restricted range of carbon isotope values suggests that S. gracilis may have concentrated its feeding within a particular habitat. Examination of stable carbon isotope values among species at higher trophic levels reveals that some intricacies of ancient food webs can be discerned.

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Devil's Den, Florida: Rare Earth Element Analysis Indicates Contemporaneity of Humans and Latest Pleistocene Fauna

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Intrastrata geochemical variability of a Paleolithic bone assemblage: The case of single‐phase Gravettian site Jaksice II, southern Poland

Intrastrata geochemical variability of a Paleolithic bone assemblage: The case of single‐phase Gravettian site Jaksice II, southern Poland

Geoarchaeological investigations at the Ryan‐Harley Paleoindian site, Florida (8JE1004): Implications for human settlement of the Wacissa River Basin during the Younger Dryas

Understanding specifics in generalist diets of carnivorans by analyzing stable carbon isotope values in Pleistocene mammals of Florida

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