“…With the development of fire-fighting systems, centrifugal pumps are increasingly being used in fire-fighting. To obtain the optimum mass dimensional parameters for centrifugal fire pumps, Vasiljeva et al (2020) developed an optimized mathematical model that enables centrifugal pumps for fire-fighting to be designed in such a way that the weight of the pump is minimized while ensuring high reliability. To attain centrifugal fire pumps with excellent performance, splitter blades (Shi et al 2009;Yuan and Yuan 2017;Rosa Emerick 2020;Namazizadeh et al 2020;Chabannes et al 2021;Adu et al 2021) were used to change the internal flow characteristics of low-specific-speed centrifugal fire pumps, and Yang et al (2017) used an increased flow rate design method.…”