Devulcanized EPDM without paraffinic oil in the production of blends as a potential application of the residues from automobile industry

Sousa, Fabiula Danielli Bastos de; Zanchet, Aline; Marczynski, Elaine S.; Pistor, Vinícius; Fiório, Rudinei; Crespo, Janaína da Silva

doi:10.1007/s10163-019-00938-x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The morphology of the blends depicted that, in general, the devulcanization of the recycled rubber improved the dispersion of the elastomeric phase, resulting in improved mechanical properties of the blends. Similar results have been observed by some authors, by analyzing the properties of polymeric blends composed of polystyrene/SBR devulcanized by ultrasound [21], and blends composed of EPDM/EPDM-r devulcanized by microwaves [23]. In addition, Simon et al [22] compared the results of elastomeric blends containing SBR/GTR (both devulcanized by microwaves or not) and the blends containing devulcanized GTR that presented improved mechanical results, as discussed previously.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Elastomeric Composites Containing SBR Industrial Scraps Devulcanized by Microwaves: Raw Material, Not a Trash

Zanchet

Sousa

2020

Recycling

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Environmental concerns about waste management systems have stimulated the search for technological and economical alternatives that introduce waste as raw material for production cycles. In this sense, this study aimed to develop and characterize styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites that contain industrial rubber scraps devulcanized by microwaves (SBR-r) as a reinforcing filler. The scraps were ground under ambient conditions. From the obtained powder (SBR-r), composites were prepared, varying the exposure time of the powder to the microwaves (1, 2, and 3 min), as well as the SBR-r content. These composites were compared to a Reference sample (base formulation without SBR-r). The vulcanization parameters were determined by an oscillating disk rheometer. After vulcanization, the composites were characterized by mechanical properties (tensile and tear strength, and compression set). These properties were also evaluated after accelerated aging in an air oven and a UV chamber (ultraviolet light). The results indicated that as a result of increasing the exposure time of the waste to the microwaves, no significant influence in the composite properties was observed. Aged samples presented higher results as compared with the Reference sample (tensile strength up to 175% higher, tear strength up to 107% higher, and compression set up to 91% higher), which indicates the possibility of using these materials in technological applications, such as in the civil and automotive industries.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Elastomeric Composites Containing SBR Industrial Scraps Devulcanized by Microwaves: Raw Material, Not a Trash

Zanchet

Sousa

2020

Recycling

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“…Along the recycling stages, changes in its chemical structure and composition occur, as Table has given a panorama of the modifications that occurred along with the recycling processes. So, due to all of these issues, not always a compound or blend containing recycled rubber follows the trends observed for the properties discussed above, − known as typical elastomeric behavior. Thus, special attention should be paid to the structure versus property relationship, as described above, in which the recycling processes (devulcanization and revulcanization) are the main points, responsible for the structure versus property relationship.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber by Microwaves to Revulcanization: A Revulcanization Kinetic Approach Using a Simple Prediction Model

Sousa

Ornaghi

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Devulcanization of rubber by microwave energy is an environmentally friendly technique, and it has gained special attention from the recycling field due to several advantages over other methods such as high productivity, uniform heating, and the noninvolvement of chemicals during the process. In this sense, ground tire rubber (GTR) was devulcanized by the action of microwaves at different exposure times. The thermal stability of devulcanized samples and the revulcanization behavior were correlated to structural modifications that occurred during devulcanization. The revulcanization kinetics by Arrhenius parameters was studied aiming at determining the mechanism and model of the reaction, being that it seems to follow an autocatalytic mechanism with a revulcanization model type reagents → products. The optimization of the temperature and time of the revulcanization process was determined based on five initial temperatures. The predicted results were based on previous revulcanization kinetic parameters, and they were physically plausible with the data, mainly within the studied temperature range. A more developed understanding of the chemical structure/reactions is recommended to avoid errors of interpretation out of the studied experimental range. Finally, the obtained results are new, allowing the prediction and optimization of kinetic properties such as the revulcanization process, being essential to the development of microwave devulcanization as a truly sustainable recycling process.

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“…EPDM is used as a good modified material because of its superior performance 33–37 . Adding some polar groups, such as maleic anhydride (MAH) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) can help improve the compatibility of elastomers and polyamides 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPDM is used as a good modified material because of its superior performance. [33][34][35][36][37] Adding some polar groups, such as maleic anhydride (MAH) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) can help improve the compatibility of elastomers and polyamides. 38 In recent years, POE-g-GMA and EPDM-g-MAH are considered to be two elastomers with better effects on polyamide modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPDM‐g‐MAH toughened bio‐based polyamide 56 to prepare thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and the performance characterization

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyamide is an engineering plastic, which has been widely used in industry and life. Polyamide 56, as a green and environmentally friendly bio-based product, is gradually replacing traditional petroleum-based products. However, in terms of auto parts, communication equipment, and mechanical products, a single polyamide monomer is difficult to meet the end-use standard. EPDM-g-MAH (ethylene propylene diene monomer grafted with maleic anhydride) is melt blended with bio-based polyamide 56 (PA56) in a twin-screw extruder to obtain polyamide elastomers with different formulations. Subsequently, its morphology and structure, thermodynamic properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties were analyzed. The test results show that the composites containing 10% EPDMg-MAH have better impact resistance and thermal properties in the range of adding 0-20 wt% EPDM-g-MAH. In the fracture morphology analysis, it is found that the interface between the rubber phase and the polyamide phase fused well, and the elastomer showed the ductile fracture.

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Devulcanized EPDM without paraffinic oil in the production of blends as a potential application of the residues from automobile industry

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Elastomeric Composites Containing SBR Industrial Scraps Devulcanized by Microwaves: Raw Material, Not a Trash

Elastomeric Composites Containing SBR Industrial Scraps Devulcanized by Microwaves: Raw Material, Not a Trash

From Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber by Microwaves to Revulcanization: A Revulcanization Kinetic Approach Using a Simple Prediction Model

EPDM‐g‐MAH toughened bio‐based polyamide 56 to prepare thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and the performance characterization

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