Dextromethorphan and intrathecal morphine for analgesia after Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

Abstract

Postoperative pain after Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia was not reduced by the addition of oral dextromethorphan to a multimodal approach including intrathecal morphine.

Intrathecal morphine in anesthesia for cesarean delivery: dose-response relationship for combinations of low-dose intrathecal morphine and spinal bupivacaine

“…Some authors have reported problems with side effects such as nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, sedation, pruritus, and respiratory depression, depending on the dose [7,11]. Thus, a number of studies have focused on determining the lowest effective ITM dose for cesarean delivery [2,5,7].…”

“…Intrathecal morphine (ITM) produces excellent perioperative and postoperative analgesia in patients who undergo cesarean delivery [1][2][3][4][5]. Intrathecal morphine provides slowonset and long-duration spinal analgesia.…”

Efficacy of intrathecal morphine with epidural ropivacaine infusion for postcesarean analgesia

“…Intrathecal morphine has been used extensively for postoperative pain control after cesarean delivery because it delivers effective and long-lasting analgesia [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, morphine is associated with side effects, including pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).…”

The effect of distant reiki on pain in women after elective Caesarean section: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial

“…A 25% mean pain reduction was determined a priori to be clinically relevant by our expert clinicians, since the literature concludes that 20–33% reduction is considered clinically significant 27–29. For power analysis, we used an SD in pain of 56% in the normal postoperative C-section population 30. Baseline demographic and outcome variables were compared using the Student t test, Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher exact test where appropriate.…”