DF-1 cells prevent MG-HS infection through gga-miR-24-3p/RAP1B mediated decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis

Luo

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the primary pathogen of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in chickens. In poultry production, antibiotics are mostly used to prevent and control MG infection, but the drug resistance and residue problems caused by them cannot be ignored. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is derived from licorice, a herb traditionally used to treat various respiratory diseases. Our study results showed that GA significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of pMGA1.2 and GapA in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the network pharmacology study revealed that GA most probably resisted MG infection through the MAPK signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that GA inhibited MG-induced expression of MMP2/MMP9 and inflammatory factors through the p38 and JUN signaling pathways, but not the ERK pathway in vitro. Besides, histopathological sections showed that GA treatment obviously attenuated tracheal and lung damage caused by MG invasion. In conclusion, GA can inhibit MG-triggered inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of MMP2/MMP9 through the JNK and p38 pathways and inhibit the expression of virulence genes to resist MG. Our results suggest that GA might serve as one of the antibiotic alternatives to prevent MG infection.

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic Acid against Mycoplasma gallisepticum-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis Through Suppressing the MAPK Pathway in Chickens

Luo

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…For example, miRNAs can regulate avian influenza, Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease and avian mycoplasmosis (14). In addition, our previous studies have also highlighted the critical role of miRNAs (such as miR-181a-5p, miR-223 and miR-24) during MG infection (13,15,16). miR-33-5p belongs to the miR-33 family and is highly conserved among species (17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…miRNAs are a group of abundant non-coding small RNAs found in plants and animals. They can repress the expression of target genes by binding to their 3’UTR sequences through seed sequences ( 13 ). Growing evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play a significant role in avian diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lnc90386 Sponges miR-33-5p to Mediate Mycoplasma gallisepticum-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chickens via the JNK Pathway

et al. 2022

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the most important pathogens, that causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new regulators for many diseases and some lncRNAs can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate mRNAs by competitively binding to miRNAs. Here, we found that miR-33-5p was significantly up-regulated both in MG-infected chicken embryonic lungs and chicken embryo fibroblast cells (DF-1), and Lnc90386 negatively correlated with miR-33-5p. miR-33-5p, as a new regulator for MG infection, repressed apoptosis, inflammatory factors in DF-1 cells by targeting JNK1. Further analyses showed that Lnc90386 sponged miR-33-5p to weaken its inhibitory effect on JNK1, forming the ceRNA regulatory network. Furthermore, knockdown of Lnc90386 significantly inhibited apoptosis and inflammatory factors, and promoted DF-1 cells proliferation. However, co-treatment with miR-33-5p inhibitor and Lnc90386 siRNA showed that knockdown of Lnc90386 could partially eliminate the inhibiting effect of miR-33-5p inhibitor on inflammation, cell apoptosis and proliferation. In conclusion, Lnc90386 sponges miR-33-5p to defend against MG infection by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway.

“…In recent years, studies have shown that miRNA have an important role to play in the regulation of various avian diseases [ 11 , 12 ]. gga-miR-1249 and gga-miR-485 target PB proteins to inhibit avian influenza virus replication [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma gallisepticum escapes the host immune response via gga-miR-365-3p/SOCS5/STATs axis

Han

et al. 2022

Vet Res

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A disruption in the expression of gga-miR-365-3p was confirmed in the Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-infected Chicken primary alveolar type II epithelial (CP-II) cells based on previous sequencing results, but the role it plays in the infection was unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that MG evaded cellular host immunity via a gga-miR-365-3p/SOCS5-JAK/STATs negative feedback loop. Specifically, we found that at the initial stage of MG infection in cells, gga-miR-365-3p was rapidly increased and activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting SOCS5, which induced the secretion of inflammatory factors and triggered immune response against MG infection. Over time, though, the infection progressed, MG gradually destroyed the immune defences of CP-II cells. In late stages of infection, MG escaped host immunity by reducing intracellular gga-miR-365-3p and inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway to suppress the secretion of inflammatory factors and promote MG adhesion or invasion. These results revealed the game between MG and host cell interactions, providing a new perspective to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of MG or other pathogens. Meanwhile, they also contributed to novel thoughts on the prevention and control of MG and other pathogenic infections, shedding light on the immune modulating response triggered by pathogen invasion and their molecular targeting. Graphic Abstract