Dflood network protocol over commercial modems

Otnes, Roald; Locke, Jared; Komulainen, Arwid; Blouin, Stéphane; Clark, Derek; Austad, Håvard; Eastwood, Joachim

doi:10.1109/ucomms.2018.8493224

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, efficient flooding protocols typically focus on reducing the number of packet replicas. Relevant examples of this design are, e.g., Dflood [35] and MPR-Light [36]. Conversely, in our scheme we do need to map all available routes, and cannot resort to restricted flooding, because each relay modifies an R-Ping or R-Rep packet by appending its own ID to the list of traversed relays.…”

Section: A Route Delay Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secret Key Generation From Route Propagation Delays for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Diamant

Tomasin

Ardizzon

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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With the growing use of underwater acoustic communications and the recent adoption of standards in this field, it is becoming increasingly important to secure messages against eavesdroppers. In this paper, we focus on a physical-layer security solution to generate sequences of random bits (keys) between two devices (Alice and Bob) belonging to an underwater acoustic network (UWAN); the key must remain secret to a passive eavesdropper (Eve) not belonging to the UWAN. Our method is based on measuring the propagation delay of the underwater acoustic channel over multiple hops of the UWAN: this harvests the randomness in the UWAN topology and turns the slow sound propagation in water into an advantage against eavesdropping. Our key generation protocol includes a route discovery handshake, whereby all UWAN devices at intermediate hops accumulate their message processing delays. This enables Alice and Bob to compute the actual propagation delays along each route and to map such information to a sequence of bits. Finally, from these bit sequences, Alice and Bob obtain a secret key. We analyze the performance of the protocol theoretically and assess it via extensive simulations and field experiments.

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Section: A Route Delay Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secret Key Generation From Route Propagation Delays for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Diamant

Tomasin

Ardizzon

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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“…Due to the high cost of good-quality LF and MF transducers with a wide bandwidth (the cost of the single transducer can easily exceed 2 kEUR, i.e., 2000 EURO), research and industrial prototypes of high-performance LF and MF acoustic modems are mostly developed by navy-related research institutes and companies, such as TNO [43], FOI [44], FFI [45], Wärtsilä ELAC [46], and L3HARRIS [47], that are specifically interested in very-long-range communications for surveillance applications [48]. Also, the JANUS North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) standard focuses on LF and MF frequency bands [49].…”

Section: Underwater Acoustic Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Remote Control for Underwater Vehicles

Campagnaro

Signori

Zorzi

2020

JMSE

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Nowadays, the increasing availability of commercial off-the-shelf underwater acoustic and non-acoustic (e.g., optical and electromagnetic) modems that can be employed for both short-range broadband and long-range low-rate communication, the increasing level of autonomy of underwater vehicles, and the refinement of their underwater navigation systems pave the way for several new applications, such as data muling from underwater sensor networks and the transmission of real-time video streams underwater. In addition, these new developments inspired many companies to start designing hybrid wireless-driven underwater vehicles specifically tailored for off-shore operations and that are able to behave either as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), depending on both the type of mission they are required to perform and the limitations imposed by underwater communication channels. In this paper, we evaluate the actual quality of service (QoS) achievable with an underwater wireless-piloted vehicle, addressing the realistic aspects found in the underwater domain, first reviewing the current state-of-the-art of communication technologies and then proposing the list of application streams needed for control of the underwater vehicle, grouping them in different working modes according to the level of autonomy required by the off-shore mission. The proposed system is finally evaluated by employing the DESERT Underwater simulation framework by specifically analyzing the QoS that can be provided to each application stream when using a multimodal underwater communication system specifically designed to support different traffic-based QoSs. Both the analysis and the results show that changes in the underwater environment have a strong impact on the range and on the stability of the communication link.

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“…• Fewest relays routing strategy -the problem formulation and a heuristic approximation algorithm for a throughput maximizing routing strategy designed for SDH-TDA-MAC. • SDH-TDA-MAC with route diversity -a method of using dual-hop routing redundancy to greatly improve the reliability of packet delivery, similar to flooding protocols [33], but designed specifically for SDH-TDA-MAC. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II introduces the single-hop TDA-MAC protocol for centralized packet scheduling in UASNs; Section III describes the SDH-TDA-MAC protocol proposed in this paper, including the routing strategies designed specifically for SDH-TDA-MAC; Section IV evaluates the performance of the proposed MAC and routing protocol using a detailed simulation model; finally, Section V concludes the paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Hop TDA-MAC and Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Morozs

Mitchell

Zakharov

2019

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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This paper investigates the application of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) for large scale monitoring of the ocean environment. The low propagation speed of acoustic waves presents a fundamental challenge for Medium Access Control (MAC)-coordinating the access of multiple nodes to the shared acoustic communication medium. In this paper, we propose Sequential Dual-Hop TDA-MAC (SDH-TDA-MAC)-a centralized MAC and routing protocol that facilitates efficient dual-hop scheduling in UASNs without the need for clock synchronization among the sensor nodes. BELLHOP-based simulations of a 100 node network reveal that SDH-TDA-MAC can achieve full network connectivity with 16 dB lower transmit power, compared with the singlehop TDA-MAC protocol. This provides considerable energy savings, while still providing network goodput in excess of 50% of the channel capacity. We also present a method of incorporating routing redundancy into the SDH-TDA-MAC protocol that achieves a good trade-off between the network throughput and reliability. For example, in a channel with 10% probability of link outage, incorporating double routing redundancy into SDH-TDA-MAC increases the packet delivery ratio from 81% to 95%, a significant improvement in network reliability, while still achieving the network goodput of 22% of the channel capacity, considerably higher than typical MAC protocols designed for UASNs. In summary, the high network goodput, low transmit power compared with the single-hop approach, no requirement for clock synchronization, and robust packet delivery via route diversity make SDH-TDA-MAC an efficient, reliable and practical approach to data gathering in UASNs.

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Dflood network protocol over commercial modems

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Secret Key Generation From Route Propagation Delays for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Secret Key Generation From Route Propagation Delays for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Wireless Remote Control for Underwater Vehicles

Dual-Hop TDA-MAC and Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

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