A facile
bioapproach has been developed to fabricate nonfluorescent Fe2O3–XZnFe2O4 (X = Mg,
Mn, or Ni) hematite core–ferrite shell structures. Major efforts
are focused on the self-organization process of water-soluble glutathione
(GSH) onto hematite core–ferrite shell nanoparticles, for example,
by altering the electron–hole recombination and unpaired–paired
spin change using X–Zn codoping. The X–Zn codoping enhances
the fluorescence response intensity of Fe2O3 core–XZnFe2O4 shell structure. The
relative ligand-to-metal 2p(O2–) → 3d(Fe3+) charge transfer located in visible region (755 nm) changes
to 2p(O2–) → −SH charge transfer located
in near-infrared region (785 nm), when [FeO6] octahedra
complexs with thiol (−SH) group of GSH. These results help
to enhance the current understanding about the mechanism for the tunable
emission of Fe2O3–XZnFe2O4 in the visible–near-infrared range and its self-assembly
behavior.