“…Several studies have shown that carboxylic acids and alkylphosphonic acids can adsorb onto the oxide surface of aluminum to form close-packed and highly oriented molecular assemblies (Liakos et al, 2004;Foster et al, 2006;Van den Brand et al, 2004a;Hauffman et al, 2008;Liascukiene et al, 2014). The carboxylic (or phosphonic) acid chemisorb to the aluminum oxide surface via hydroxyl groups, forming carboxylate (or phosphonate) functionalities at the surface (Foster et al, 2006;Van den Brand et al, 2004a, 2004bPoberžnik et al, 2020). Furthermore, as confirmed by different research groups, there is a direct relation between the density of hydroxyls on the oxide surface and the amount of chemisorbed molecules (Van den Brand et al, 2004a;Hauffman et al, 2008;Giza et al, 2008).…”