Diabetes and abnormal glucose regulation in the adult population of Burkina Faso: prevalence and predictors

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is reportedly growing fast in sub-Saharan Africa. There is however a scarcity of epidemiologic data on DM in Burkina Faso. We carried out a secondary analysis of the first survey conducted in Burkina Faso on a nationally representative sample following the World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach to risk factors Surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with the aims of identifying the prevalence of NCDs and the prevalence of common risk factors for NCDs. We report here on the prevalence of diabetes and overall abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) and their associated risk factors.MethodsIn the primary study 4800 individuals were randomly sampled using a stratified multistage clusters sampling process. We used fasting capillary whole blood glucose level to define three glucose regulation statuses using WHO’s cut-off levels: normal, diabetes and overall abnormal glucose regulation (impaired fasting glucose and diabetes). Appropriate statistical techniques for the analysis of survey data were used to identify the factors associated with diabetes and abnormal glucose regulation fitting a logistic regression model. Analyses were carried out using Stata Version 14 software.ResultsThe prevalence of DM and AGR were respectively 5.8% (95% CI: 5–6.7) and 9% (95% CI: 8–10.1). Significant risk factors for DM include age (OR = 1.9; P = 0.009 for the age group of 55–64), obesity (OR: 2.6; P = 0.001), former smoke (OR:2; P = 0.03), second-hand smoke (OR = 1.7; P = 0.006) and total cholesterol level (OR: 2.1; P = 0.024). The same predictors were also found significantly associated with AGR. In addition, having an history family diabetes was protective against AGR (OR = 0.5; P = 0.032).ConclusionDiabetes is no longer a rare disease in the adult active population of Burkina Faso. Its burden is significant in both rural and urban areas. Health policies that promote healthy life style are needed to give precedence to the prevention in a context of an under-resourced country.

Alcohol Consumption and Associated Risk Factors in Burkina Faso: Results of a Population-based Cross-sectional Survey

“…The database collected during the baseline data of the WHO STEPS survey conducted in Burkina Faso in 2013 was used in this study. Complete details on the methodology and sampling procedure were described in the WHO STEPS 2013 Burkina report [28], and in previous studies using this database [23,24,29]. Brie y, the participants were selected using a threestage cluster sampling process involving the selection of clusters, households, and individuals.…”

“…The STEPS questionnaire is made up of several modules that include demographic information, anthropometric measures, and behavioral measurement. A full description of the study design and the data collection has been published elsewhere [23,29]. Brie y, All data on alcohol consumption were collected using a standardized questionnaire during face-to-face interviews in the language most spoken by the respondent.…”

Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso

“…Written informed consent was systematically obtained from each participant in the STEPS survey. The sample calculation and data collection methods have been described [18,19].The number of surveyed rural women was 1920 and we reanalysed variables for those with complete data for the sociodemographic, lifestyle, nutritional and biological parameters and with responses to items that screened dental symptoms. Thus, we included 1730 women in the analyses, and Figure 1 presents the diagram flow of the women we studied.…”

Prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes and diabetes among a national population based sample of adults in Zambia: Results of the first national STEPS survey in 2017

“…4 In the 2008 STEPS survey in Lusaka district, Zambia, among participants 25 years or older "the combined prevalence for impaired glucose level or diabetes was 4.0%," 5 and in an investigation of bank employees (N=121) in Ndola, Zambia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 15%. 6 In other African countries, the national prevalence of diabetes was 5.8% in Burkina Faso, 7 3.3% in Ethiopia, 8 5.7% in Guinea, 9 5.6% (pre-diabetes 4.2%) in Malawi 10 and 1.4% (pre-diabetes 2.0%) in Uganda. 11 In several African countries, a high proportion of undiagnosed diabetes has been shown, e.g., 56% in Guinea, 9 70.5% in Uganda, 12 68.0% in Benin, 12 34.5% in Zambia 4 and 91.7% in Burkina Faso.…”