Diabetes and ethnic minorities

Oldroyd, John; Banerjee, Meeta; Heald, A; Cruickshank, Kennedy

doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.029124

Cited by 133 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that South Asians have a disproportionately high risk of developing abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes [1][2][3][4]. Next to the higher prevalence, these metabolic disturbances also seem to develop at an earlier age in South Asians than in populations of European origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold-induced activity of brown adipose tissue in young lean men of South-Asian and European origin

et al. 2013

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Aims/hypothesis South Asians have a disproportionately high risk of developing abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been identified as a possible target to fight obesity and protect against metabolic disturbance. We explored whether lower BAT activity in South Asians compared with Europids may contribute to the high risk of metabolic disturbance. Methods We studied 20 healthy men (ten Europids/ten South Asians, BMI 19-25 kg/m 2 , age 18-32 years). Following 2 h of cold exposure (16-18°C) after an overnight fast, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positronemission tomography-computed tomography (CT) and 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 123 I-MIBG) single-photon emission computed tomography-CT were performed to visualise metabolic BAT activity and sympathetic stimulation of BAT. Metabolic BAT activity was defined as maximal standardised uptake value (SUV max ) of 18 F-FDG, and sympathetic stimulation of BAT as semiquantitative uptake value (SQUV) of 123 I-MIBG. We performed hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps to assess insulin sensitivity. Spearman's correlations for SUV max of 18 F-FDG and both SQUV of 123 I-MIBG and insulin sensitivity were determined. Results The median (interquartile range) SUV max of 18 F-FDG in South Asians (7.5 [2.2-10.6] g/ml) was not different from the median SUV max obtained in Europids (4.5 [2.2-8.4] g/ml; p=0.59). There was no correlation between BAT activity and insulin sensitivity. Correlations between SQUV of 123 I-MIBG and SUV max of 18 F-FDG were positive, both in the total population (ρ=0.80, p<0.001) and after stratification by ethnicity (Europids, ρ =0.65, p = 0.04; South Asians, ρ=0.83, p=0.01). Conclusions/interpretation This is the first study to prospectively investigate ethnic differences in metabolic BAT activity during cold exposure. We did not find differences in BAT activity between South Asians and Europids. Therefore, it seems unlikely that BAT plays an important role in the development of unfavourable metabolic profiles in South Asians.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next to the higher prevalence, these metabolic disturbances also seem to develop at an earlier age in South Asians than in populations of European origin. The explanation for these ethnic differences is complex and only partially clear [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-induced activity of brown adipose tissue in young lean men of South-Asian and European origin

et al. 2013

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“…8 Factors such as ethnicity play a significant role in determining those at high risk of T2DM with its prevalence increasing four-fold in people of Bangladeshi and Indian origin, and five-fold in women of Pakistani origin. 9 There is good evidence linking obesity to T2DM associated with the development of insulin resistance. 9 Therefore, in terms of management, encouraging improvement in lifestyle remains paramount in controlling T2DM.…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 There is good evidence linking obesity to T2DM associated with the development of insulin resistance. 9 Therefore, in terms of management, encouraging improvement in lifestyle remains paramount in controlling T2DM.…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes requiring insulin

Abiola¹,

Sathyapalan²,

Hepburn³

2016

Prescriber

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“…5 Therefore, the lifetime risks provided will not be applicable to other ethnic groups, who often have higher progression rates, 9 and consequently could be expected to have an even higher lifetime risk of T2DM than the one in three risk calculated in the current study. The approach in this study of communicating risk of developing T2DM by body mass index would also be useful for different ethnicities due to different ethnic cutpoints for defining obesity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%