Diabetes Awareness and Reasoning Test: A Preliminary Analysis of Development and Psychometrics

Effectiveness of the Kids in Control of Food (KICk–OFF) structured education course for 11–16 year olds with Type 1 diabetes

“…Given the scale of the study, it was not possible to undertake a detailed review of the education offered within the control groups. When designing the study, we were unable to identify a validated tool that would assess the complexities of intensive insulin management, although others have since been reported [24,25]. To reduce bias, centres were therefore stratified prior to randomization.…”

“…We did not include a formal assessment of knowledge. When designing the study, we were unable to identify a validated tool that would assess the complexities of intensive insulin management, although others have since been reported [24,25]. We took the pragmatic view that KICk-OFF might influence self-management behaviour in a number of ways, not just by change in knowledge.…”

Development and Pilot Testing of a Parent Education Intervention for Type 1 Diabetes

“…For diabetes knowledge we used Diabetes Awareness and Reasoning Test-Parents (DART-P) 17 which is a 47-item multiple-choice (4 choices) questionnaire that measures diabetes knowledge and was developed for children and parents. We adapted the instrument (eliminating insulin-specific questions) reducing it to 38 items.…”

Contributing Factors to Poor Adherence and Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Facilitating a Move Toward Telehealth

“…It was shown that the children's insulin pump sub-score and children's parents total DART score significantly predicted A1C levels in that higher test scores predicted lower A1C levels. [82] The PedCarbQuiz is another questionnaire that was completed by adolescents or their caregivers and measures carbohydrate and insulin-dosing knowledge. Similar to the results of the study by Heidgerken and colleagues, [82] higher scores achieved by adolescent and their caregivers on the PedCarbQuiz [83] significantly correlated with lower A1C levels.…”

“…[82] The PedCarbQuiz is another questionnaire that was completed by adolescents or their caregivers and measures carbohydrate and insulin-dosing knowledge. Similar to the results of the study by Heidgerken and colleagues, [82] higher scores achieved by adolescent and their caregivers on the PedCarbQuiz [83] significantly correlated with lower A1C levels. The relationship between diabetes knowledge and A1C levels underlines the importance of diabetes management education in treatment adherence.…”