Diabetes distress, happiness, and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different therapies

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate diabetes distress, happiness, and its associated factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated by different therapies, and to analyze the related impact factors. A total of 1512 patients with T2DM were randomly selected from 18 tertiary hospitals in Hunan province from January 2016 to April 2016 who has been treated with oral antidiabetics monotherapy, insulin monotherapy, and combination therapy. Use the general information questionnaire, WHO-5 (the World Health Organization 5 well-being index) and PAID (the problem areas in diabetes scale) to collect the data. There are 846 (55.95%) patients that have serious emotional disorders, and the diabetes related distress in insulin treatment group was higher than that in combination treatment group ( P < .05). Happiness of T2DM patients in combination therapy was higher than oral antidiabetic drug monotherapy and insulin monotherapy ( P < .05). There was a negative correlation between diabetic suffering and happiness in patients with different treatments ( R ranged from –0.335 to –0.436, P < .001). Age and happiness experience could explain 14.8% of the variance. Acute and chronic complications, controlled blood glucose level, lifestyle, therapies, and school education can explain 18.3% variance. Under different therapies, the suffering and happiness of T2DM patients differed from each other. The suffering and happiness of T2DM were related to different therapies, age, complications, glycaemic control, lifestyle, school education, and so on.

Prevalence of Diabetes Related Distress and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…This finding was consistent with the results of prior studies. 39 , 47 , 48 However, some studies have found no association between having diabetic complications and DRD. 13 , 20 , 49 In contrast to previous studies, lower education level was a major factor for high diabetes distress scores in the present study.…”

Assessment of Patient, Physician, Caregiver, and Healthcare Provider-Related Factors Influencing “Glycemic Happiness” of Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Survey

“…Saatci et al demonstrated that treatment satisfaction is associated with the general wellbeing of a person with T2DM [ 37 ]. Other studies have shown that the happiness of persons with diabetes is associated with physical activity and mindfulness training, which were not explored in the present survey [ 15 , 16 ]. In addition, although the dietary intake and social behavior of persons with T2DM may also affect their glycemic happiness [ 15 ], these aspects were not covered in our survey.…”

“…Although the effect of the type of therapeutic interventions on the happiness of individuals with diabetes is beyond the scope of the present survey, previous studies have shown that the happiness of persons with diabetes varies with the type of intervention. Generally, insulin users have lower happiness than noninsulin users [ 15 , 29 ]. Rather than the type of treatment, our survey revealed that treatment convenience and flexibility were positively associated with glycemic happiness of persons with diabetes.…”

“…With the improved understanding of the impact of diabetes distress and the role of wellbeing on optimal outcomes in persons living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a few recent studies have evaluated the concept of “happiness” and its association with outcomes in these individuals [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. There is, however, a dearth of literature to support an appropriate definition of glycemic happiness in people living with diabetes and identifying the key factors that contribute to an increase in happiness and subsequent optimal outcomes.…”

Associations between Positive Psychological Well-Being, Psychological Distress, and Physical Activity among Adults with Diabetes

“…Another factor specific to diabetes that may explain why PPWB was not associated with physical activity among people with diabetes is diabetes distress, which has been found to be linked with PPWB (Beverly et al, 2021;Chan et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020) and physical activity (Fisher et al, 2010;Fisher et al, 2014). Although the present study controlled for psychological distress, it did not account for diabetes distress, which differs in that the experienced emotional distress is specific to the burden of living with and managing diabetes, in addition to the interpersonal distress related to living with diabetes (Jones et al, 2015).…”