Diabetes: how to manage gestational diabetes mellitus

Mukherjee, Shobha; Dawson, Aimée

doi:10.7573/dic.2021-9-12

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, some patients may only require a basal insulin dose if they have elevated fasting or postprandial plasma glucose levels, but not both. The selection of insulin type should be determined on a case-by-case basis to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia, particularly when using rapid-acting and long-acting insulins[ 95 ]. For further details on the distinct types of insulin and oral agents, as well as additional information regarding glyburide, please refer to Table 4 [ 96 ].…”

Section: Pharmacological Approach For Gestational Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: The epidemic during the pandemic

Mendez,

Alpuing Radilla,

Delgadillo Chabolla

et al. 2023

World J Diabetes

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The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is growing in epidemic proportions and has become one of the most critical public health concerns. Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The cardiovascular diseases that accompany diabetes include angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Among the various risk factors generated secondary to hyperglycemic situations, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are one of the important targets for future diagnosis and prevention of diabetes. In the last decade, AGEs have drawn a lot of attention due to their involvement in diabetic patho-physiology. AGEs can be derived exogenously and endogenously through various pathways. These are a nonhomogeneous, chemically diverse group of compounds formed nonenzymatically by condensation between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amino groups of protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. AGEs mediate their pathological effects at the cellular and extracellular levels by multiple pathways. At the cellular level, they activate signaling cascades via the receptor for AGEs and initiate a complex series of intracellular signaling resulting in reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cellular proliferation, and fibrosis that may possibly exacerbate the damaging effects on cardiac functions in diabetics. AGEs also cause covalent modifications and cross-linking of serum and extracellular matrix proteins; altering their structure, stability, and functions. Early diagnosis of diabetes may prevent its progression to complications and decrease its associated comorbidities. In the present review, we recapitulate the role of AGEs as a crucial mediator of hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effects in diabetes-associated complications. Furthermore, this review presents an overview of future perspectives for new therapeutic interventions to ameliorate cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

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Section: Pharmacological Approach For Gestational Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: The epidemic during the pandemic

Mendez,

Alpuing Radilla,

Delgadillo Chabolla

et al. 2023

World J Diabetes

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“…Furthermore, oral therapy or insulin is clinically used to manage GDM. The decision to use a particular agent for initializing treatment depends on the patient [ 96 ]. In individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, it is not easy to estimate the levels of insulin production and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ikoh Rph.,

Tang Tinong

2023

Cureus

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to a transient state of impaired glucose tolerance that develops during pregnancy, affecting a significant proportion of expectant mothers globally. This review aimed to comprehensively examine the subsequent incidence and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women who have previously experienced GDM. The transition from GDM to T2DM is a well-recognized continuum, with affected women facing an increased risk of developing T2DM postpartum. Several studies have demonstrated that women with a history of GDM face a substantially higher risk of developing T2DM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women. The long-term consequences of developing T2DM following GDM are significant, as it not only affects the health of the mother but also poses risks to the offspring. The most common risk factors associated with the progression of GDM to T2DM include pregnancy at an advanced age, insulin treatment during pregnancy, and delivering an overweight baby. As GDM women are at higher risk of developing T2DM, effective management strategies such as lifestyle changes, postpartum care, breastfeeding, screening tests, and gaining awareness of risk are crucial to mitigate the risk of T2DM in this population. The current review was conducted to guide healthcare providers and women with a history of GDM about the potential risks of T2DM and management strategies to prevent the condition. This review provides a summary of evidence on the incidence rate of T2DM in GDM patients, its associated risk factors, and approaches to mitigate this challenge.

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“…Close monitoring and regular follow-up appointments are essential to adjust medication regimens as needed and ensure that blood sugar levels remain within the target range throughout pregnancy. Ultimately, pharmacological interventions in GDM aim to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes while prioritizing safety and well-being [ 42 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Diagnostic Strategies and Maternal Offspring Complications in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Thakur,

Agrawal,

Chakole

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex and significant health concern affecting pregnant individuals and their offspring. This review provides a comprehensive examination of GDM, focusing on diagnostic strategies and the associated maternal and offspring complications. We delve into the challenges and controversies surrounding GDM diagnosis, including the variability in diagnostic criteria, diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility issues, ethical considerations, and the influence of ethnicity and genetics. Maternal complications, such as preeclampsia, cesarean sections, long-term health implications, and neonatal complications like macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome, are explored in detail. Additionally, we investigate the long-term risks of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring and potential cognitive and developmental outcomes. This review underscores the critical importance of early detection and effective management of GDM, the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, personalized care plans, and the ongoing pursuit of research to enhance our understanding of this complex condition. GDM remains a dynamic field where ongoing innovation and research promise to improve the health outcomes of pregnant individuals and their children.

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Diabetes: how to manage gestational diabetes mellitus

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Gestational diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: The epidemic during the pandemic

Gestational diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: The epidemic during the pandemic

The Incidence and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

A Critical Review of Diagnostic Strategies and Maternal Offspring Complications in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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