Diabetes in African American Youth

Mayer‐Davis, Elizabeth J.; Beyer, J.; Bell, Ronny A.; Dabelea, Dana; D’Agostino, Ralph B.; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Lawrence, Jean M.; Liese, Angela D.; Liu, Lenna; Marcovina, Santica; Rodríguez, Beatriz L.

doi:10.2337/dc09-s203

Cited by 167 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This was followed by the Navajo population (USA), American Indians (USA) and African-Americans (USA) (27.7, 23.3 and 19, respectively, per 100,000 person-years) [20,23,44]. The Aboriginal population in Canada also had a high incidence rate (23.3 per 100,000 person-years) [26] (Fig.…”

Section: Study Population and Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The number of children in the populations in which type 2 diabetes was detected ranged from 1,647 [18] to several millions [11][12][13][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and covered different age categories. The 37 included studies described data about many different ethnicities-Japanese, Taiwanese, multi-ethnic, New Zealand-Maori, New Zealand-European, Turkish, South Asian, Black, Aboriginal, African-American, American Indian, Pima Indian, Ojibwa-Cree, non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic, etc.…”

Section: Study Population and Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). High prevalence rates were also reported in American Indians, Navajo population and African-American children and adolescents [20,[23][24][25]. Among the different ethnicities in the USA, non-Hispanic white individuals had the lowest prevalence of type 2 diabetes [24,25] (ESM Table 1).…”

Section: Study Population and Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global trends in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evaluation of methodological approaches

et al. 2013

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Aims/hypothesis This study aimed to systematically review what has been reported on the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, to scrutinise the methodological issues observed in the included studies and to prepare recommendations for future research and surveillances. Methods PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 2013. Population-based studies on incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents were summarised and methodologically evaluated. Owing to substantial methodological heterogeneity and considerable differences in study populations a quantitative meta-analysis was not performed. Results Among 145 potentially relevant studies, 37 population-based studies met the inclusion criteria. Variations in the incidence and prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents were mainly related to age of the study population, calendar time, geographical regions and ethnicity, resulting in a range of 0-330 per 100,000 personyears for incidence rates, and 0-5,300 per 100,000 population for prevalence rates. Furthermore, a substantial variation in the methodological characteristics was observed for response rates (60-96%), ascertainment rates (53-99%), diagnostic tests and criteria used to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation Worldwide incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents vary substantially among countries, age categories and ethnic groups and this can be explained by variations in population characteristics and methodological dissimilarities between studies.

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Section: Study Population and Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Study Population and Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global trends in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evaluation of methodological approaches

et al. 2013

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“…4 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to insulin deficiency can be a lifethreatening condition, and is often the presenting symptom of new-onset cases in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 5 It has been reported to be present in 25% to 30% of type 1 diabetes cases at onset [6][7][8][9][10] and from 4% to 29% in youth with type 2 diabetes, depending on race/ethnicity. [10][11][12][13][14] SEARCH previously reported that the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis was 25.5% in 2002-2003.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trends in the Prevalence of Ketoacidosis at Diabetes Diagnosis: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition and often the presenting symptom of newly diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes in youth. SEARCH previously reported that the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis was 25.5% in 2002-2003. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: DKA in youth with type 1 diabetes remains a problem, with almost one-third presenting with DKA. Among youth with type 2 diabetes, DKA was less common and decreased by ∼10% per year, suggesting improved detection or earlier diagnosis. abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate temporal changes in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes in youth and to explore factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS:Five centers identified incident cases of diabetes among youth aged 0 to 19 years starting in 2002. DKA presence was defined as a bicarbonate level ,15 mmol/L and/or a pH ,7.25 (venous) or ,7.30 (arterial or capillary) or mention of DKA in the medical records. We assessed trends in the prevalence of DKA over 3 time periods (2002-2003, 2004-2005, and 2008-2010). Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with DKA. RESULTS:In youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 5615), the prevalence of DKA was high and stable over time (30.2% in 2002-2003, 29.1% in 2004-2005, and 31.1% in 2008-2010; P for trend = .42). Higher prevalence was associated with younger age at diagnosis (P , .0001), minority race/ethnicity (P = .019), income (P = .019), and lack of private health insurance (P = 008). Among youth with type 2 diabetes (n = 1425), DKA prevalence decreased from 11.7% in 2002-2003 to 5.7% in 2008-2010 (P for trend = .005). Higher prevalence was associated with younger age at diagnosis (P = .001), minority race/ethnicity (P = .013), and male gender (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS:The frequency of DKA in youth with type 1 diabetes, although stable, remains high, indicating a persistent need for increased awareness of signs and symptoms of diabetes and better access to health care. In youth with type 2 diabetes, DKA at onset is less common and is decreasing over time. Pediatrics 2014;133:e938-e945 AUTHORS:

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“…Em relação à raça das gestantes os dados apresentados também não confirmam os encontrados na literatura, que apontam o aumento dos casos de DM tipo 2 em mulheres de raça não branca [17][18][19] . Em nossa amostra, apesar do ligeiro aumento de casos em gestantes de raça não branca nos últimos anos de estudo em relação aos primeiros, a maioria dos casos corresponderam a gestantes de raça branca.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Prognóstico obstétrico de pacientes portadoras de diabetes mellitus pré-gestacional

Fernandes¹,

Simões²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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Sílvia maRgaRida duaRte teixeiRa gueRRa aRagüéS 3 njila Yakalage baRReiRa amaRal 3 Resumo OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações epidemiológicas, de perfil clínico e de prognóstico obstétrico em pacientes portadoras de diabetes mellitus pré-gestacional. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospetivo (coorte) de todas as gestações simples, com diagnóstico de diabetes prévio que foram seguidas num centro com apoio perinatal diferenciado entre 2004 e 2011 (n=194). Analisaram-se tendências relacionadas com dados demográficos e variáveis clínicas maternas, dados de indicadores de cuidados pre-concepcionais e durante a gravidez, e de controle metabólico. Dados do parto como a idade gestacional (IG) do parto, via do parto e peso do neonato foram variáveis também estudadas. RESULTADOS: A frequência global de diabetes prévia, durante o período estudado, foi de 4,4 por mil, não se verificando variações significativas durante o período de estudo. Os casos de diabetes tipo 2 permaneceram constantes. Em 67% dos casos o parto foi de termo (máximo de 80% em 2010-2011), registrou-se uma redução significativa dos partos por cesárea eletiva (p=0,03) e na incidência de neonatos considerados grandes para a IG (p=0,04) ao longo dos anos em estudo. Apesar dos bons resultados relacionados com o controle metabólico ao longo da vigilância da gravidez não foi registrada nenhuma melhora ao longo do tempo. Da mesma forma a proporção de gestantes diabéticas com avaliação pre-concepcional permaneceu pouco animadora. CONCLUSÕES: O seguimento de gestantes portadoras de diabetes mellitus em unidades multidisciplinares parece permitir um ajuste metabólico tão precoce quanto possível, de forma a conseguir melhorar o prognóstico obstétrico. A melhora nos cuidados pré-concepcionais continua sendo um desafio. Abstract PURPOSE:To describe trends in prevalence, indicators of care and pregnancy outcomes for women with pre-existing type I or type II diabetes. METHODS: Cohort study of all consecutive singleton pregnancies complicated by pre-existing type I or type II diabetes followed from 2004 to 2011 at a tertiary perinatal care centre (n=194). We collected data from the medical records and described trends in demographics, clinical history, indicators of care before or during pregnancy and glycaemic control. We also studied perinatal outcomes, including gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and birthweight. RESULTS: The overall incidence of pregestational diabetes was 4.4 per 1000, with no significant changes throughout the study period. The number of type 2 diabetes cases also remained constant. In 67% of cases delivery occurred after 37 weeks (maximum 80% in 2010-11). During this period there was a significant reduction in rates of elective caesarean section (p=0.03) and in the incidence of large infants for gestational age (p=0.04). Indicators of glycaemic control were favorable throughout pregnancy, with no significant trends detected during the study period. However, preconceptional care indicators were substandard, with no significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS: ...

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Diabetes in African American Youth

Cited by 167 publications

References 54 publications

Global trends in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evaluation of methodological approaches

Global trends in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evaluation of methodological approaches

Trends in the Prevalence of Ketoacidosis at Diabetes Diagnosis: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Prognóstico obstétrico de pacientes portadoras de diabetes mellitus pré-gestacional

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