Diabetes in Iran: Prospective Analysis from First Nationwide Diabetes Report of National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes (NPPCD-2016)

Abstract

We estimated proportions of different types of diabetes, comorbidities, treatment (the use of oral glucose-lowering agents and insulin), control (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications among people with diabetes presenting to the tertiary-care academic diabetes outpatient clinics in Iran. This study is the prospective analysis of data (n = 30,202) from the registry of university-affiliated adult outpatient diabetes clinics in the country during 2015–2016. The proportions of type 1 diabetes, types 2 diabetes, and other types of diabetes were 11.4%, 85.5%, and 1.3%, respectively. The frequencies of drug-naivety, use of oral agents, insulin monotherapy and insulin combination therapy were 2.9%, 60.5%, 11.5%, and 25.1%, respectively. Around 13.2%, 11.9% and 43.3% of patients with diabetes had controlled hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, respectively. The proportions of retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot, and ischemic heart disease were 21.9%, 17.6%, 28.0%, 6.2%, and 23.9%, respectively. Despite the wide availability of medications and insulin coverage in Iran, the estimated national control of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension (especially for young men and old women) remains subpar. The present study further suggests that the frequencies of chronic vascular complications among patients with diabetes are relatively high in Iran.

Sex-specific Prevalence of coronary heart disease among Tehranian adult population across different glycemic status: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2008-2011

“…Focusing on diabetes status, a national study on Iranian diabetic patients aged ≥18 years, reported the crude prevalence of CHD to be 25.1% for men and 23.2% for women [29]; which were comparable to our ndings (24.81% for men and 21.67% for women). Among diabetic populations of other countries, the age-standardized prevalence of CHD was found to be 4.43% and 4.76% among Chinese men and women with T2DM, respectively [30].…”

<p>Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Melatonin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Periodontal Disease Under Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial</p>

“…2 In Iran, 11.4% of adults have been estimated to suffer from T2DM. 3 T2DM is related to several clinical complications including central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), inflammation, hypertension, and the prothrombotic state. 4 Several studies have shown that obesity, especially abdominal obesity plays a major role in diabetes and metabolic complications associated with it.…”

TP53 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1042522) in Iranian patients with coronary artery disease

“…In a 7-year cohort study in Isfahan, the incidence of conventional risk factors of CVD in both sexes was as follows; hypertension, 22.5%; type 2 diabetes, 10.4%; overweight, 29.6%; and hypertriglyceridemia, 30.9% (75). Mediterranean countries including Italy (76) and France (77,78) have a reportedly lower prevalence of conventional CAD risk factors including diabetes and obesity than the Iranian population (79,80); but in a community-based survey in Greece, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking were 11.1, 27.2, 23.8, and 38.9%, respectively; this may be due to reduced physical activity and lower consumption of the Mediterranean diet in recent decades (81). Furthermore, age is an independent risk factor for CAD (82).…”