Diabetes in the practice of otolaryngology

Atsmoni, Smadar Cohen; Brener, Avivit; Roth, Yehudah

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.006

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…more susceptible to infection, especially fungal infection, as a result of neutrophil dysfunction and impaired humoral immunity. 18,19 The clinical manifestations of the patients were atypical. Fever, which is a common infection symptom, presented in only 37.9% of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Emerging Invasive Fungal Infections: Clinical Features and Controversies in Diagnosis and Treatment Processes</p>

Zhang¹,

Zhu²

2020

IDR

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Background: The diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI) are still challenging due to its complexity and non-specificity. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical features, diagnosis process, and outcomes of patients with emerging IFIs. Methods: A retrospective review of emerging IFIs in adult patients at a university hospital in China was conducted; diagnoses were based on the criteria of EORTC/MSG 2008. Results: 145 IFI patients (pulmonary, intestinal and urinary) were enrolled in this study, including 80 proven (55.2%), 59 probable (40.7%), or 6 possible IFIs (4.1%). Among the 126 pulmonary IFIs, the positivity rate for sputum microscopy, sputum culture, and 1.3-ß-D-glucan (BG) test was 54.0%, 44.4%, and 37.3%, respectively. Among the 19 intestinal and urinary IFIs, routine examination of stool or urine and their culture were the main methods of detection. Positive results of 75 detected fungal strains from the samples showed that 30 cases were complicated with one or more bacterial infections. The average length of hospital stay of IFI patients was 14.0 (10.0, 20.0) days. The time from admission to antifungal therapy initiation (P<0.001), liver cirrhosis (P<0.001), hematological tumor (P<0.001), coinfection (P=0.019) and immune diseases (P=0.025) were independent predictors of prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: Delayed time was the primary predictor of prolonged hospitalization. This prediction is suggested to improve IFI diagnostic and therapeutic process of IFI to promote prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Emerging Invasive Fungal Infections: Clinical Features and Controversies in Diagnosis and Treatment Processes</p>

Zhang¹,

Zhu²

2020

IDR

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“…There is a theory that diabetes-related hearing impairment will develop mainly at high frequencies since the high-frequency specific areas of the cochlea may be more susceptible to ischemic changes due to microvascular complications [10]. Postmortem studies in patients with uncontrolled diabetes show demyelination in the acoustic nerve and the loss of outer hair cells in the lower basal fold of the cochlea [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior studies showed that as the HbA1c value used to monitor the risk of complications in diabetes increases, sensorineural hearing loss also increases [ 10 - 12 ]. In a study conducted by Ooley et al in 2017, it was revealed that in 175 patients with diabetic retinopathy and whose HbA1c value was known, there was a relationship between the hearing loss and the HbA1c value, as well as the degree of diabetic retinopathy [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microangiopathy is regarded as the main mechanism of degenerative diabetes complications observed with retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy [ 9 ]. Microangiopathy is also considered as the main factor to cause hearing loss in diabetes [ 10 ]. Conducted studies have reported a relationship between HbA1c and hearing loss [ 11 - 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between Glycolyzed Hemoglobin A1c and Hearing Loss in Diabetic Patients

Elibol¹,

Baran²

2020

Cureus

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Our study aimed to determine the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the audiometric parameters in diabetic patients. Methods We included 724 patients (376 male, 348 female) in our outpatient clinic and created four groups by reference to the HbA1c values. The first group was 192 patients with an HbA1c value < 4.5, 176 patients with an HbA1c value between 4.5-5 as Group 2, 177 patients with an HbA1c value between 5-6 as Group 3, and 179 patients that had an HbA1c value greater than 6 as Group 4. The correlations between HbA1c values and median pure tone thresholds at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 Hz, the speech recognition thresholds, and the speech discrimination scores were compared. Results The median speech recognition thresholds, speech discrimination scores, and the median puretone thresholds at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 MHz in the left ear significantly differed in the fourth group (p < 0.001). Pure-tone thresholds at 500 Hz, 4,000 Hz, speech discrimination scores, and recognition thresholds in the right ear had a significant positive correlation in the fourth group (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to HbA1c levels, the severity of diabetes can affect high to all frequencies of hearing functions negatively. The follow-up of patients with higher levels of HbA1c should undergo audiological tests more regularly.

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“…β 3 adrenergic receptors mediate lipolysis and glucose uptake in adipocytes [18]. Since chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes causes peripheral neuropathy, particularly in sensory nerves and the autonomic nervous system, auditory and vestibular dysfunctions are often comorbid with diabetes [19]. Long-term space flight increases insulin resistance and impairs the vestibular function in astronauts [3,20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice

Kawao¹,

Takafuji²,

Ishida³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The vestibular system controls balance, posture, blood pressure, and gaze. However, the roles of the vestibular system in energy and glucose metabolism remain unknown. We herein examined the roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism using mice with vestibular lesions (VL) fed a high-sucrose/high-fat diet (HSHFD). VL was induced by surgery or arsenic. VL significantly suppressed body fat enhanced by HSHFD in mice. Glucose intolerance was improved by VL in mice fed HSHFD. VL blunted the levels of adipogenic factors and pro-inflammatory adipokines elevated by HSHFD in the epididymal white adipose tissue of mice. A β-blocker antagonized body fat and glucose intolerance enhanced by HSHFD in mice. The results of an RNA sequencing analysis showed that HSHFD induced alterations in genes, such as insulin-like growth factor-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the vestibular nuclei of mice through the vestibular system. In conclusion, we herein demonstrated that the dysregulation of the vestibular system influences an obese state and impaired glucose metabolism induced by HSHFD in mice. The vestibular system may contribute to the regulation of set points under excess energy conditions. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kawao N, Takafuji Y, Ishida M, Okumoto K, Morita H, Muratani M, et al. (2020) Roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. PLoS ONE 15 (2): e0228685. https://doi.org/10.sympathetic nervous system in rodents [4,5]. Luxa et al. reported that labyrinthectomy increased myofiber remodeling in the soleus muscle of mice [6]. We recently revealed that gravity changes affect muscle and bone through the vestibular system in mice [7,8]. Collectively, these findings suggest that the vestibular system regulates the musculoskeletal system partly through the sympathetic nervous system. Dysfunctions in the vestibular system clinically cause dizziness, vertigo, and unsteadiness [9]. Long-term space flight impairs the vestibular system in astronauts who experience orthostatic intolerance and unsteadiness [3]. However, the roles of the vestibular system in metabolic homeostasis have not yet been elucidated in detail.Excess energy is stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) as lipids and causes obesity, a risk factor for diabetes [10]. Adipocytes differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells, and the activation of adipogenic differentiation is followed by enhanced levels of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ (PPARγ), aP2, long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) 1, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In obesity, WAT releases pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, which impair glucose metabolism due to the induction of low-grade systemic inflammation [10]. Adiponectin and leptin released from adipose tissue exert pleiotropic effects in glucose metabolism [10]. Circulating adiponectin and leptin produced from WAT are negatively and positively r...

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Diabetes in the practice of otolaryngology

Cited by 20 publications

References 239 publications

<p>Emerging Invasive Fungal Infections: Clinical Features and Controversies in Diagnosis and Treatment Processes</p>

<p>Emerging Invasive Fungal Infections: Clinical Features and Controversies in Diagnosis and Treatment Processes</p>

The Association Between Glycolyzed Hemoglobin A1c and Hearing Loss in Diabetic Patients

Roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice

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