Diabetes in Wallis Polynesians: A comparison of residents of Wallis Island and first generation migrants to Noumea, New Caledonia

Taylor, Richard; Bennett, Peter H.; Uili, R.; Joffres, Michel; Germain, R; Levy, Sue; Zimmet, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(85)80007-3

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although West suggested a close relationship between obesity and diabetes prevalence in populations (4), differences in obesity do not totally explain the variation in diabetes prevalence between rural and urban subjects in Western Samoa (15), nonmigrant and migrant Wallis Islanders (to New Caledonia) (16), and men and women in Tuvalu (17) and the high prevalence in Mexican Americans (18). These examples illustrate the partner-in-crime situation where obesity is not the only factor or, necessarily, the main risk factor responsible for such differences.…”

Section: The Role Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelly West Lecture 1991 Challenges in Diabetes Epidemiology—From West to the Rest

1992

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The application of epidemiology to the study of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is providing new insights into many aspects of this major public-health problem, including its natural history, prevalence, incidence, morbidity, and mortality in diverse populations around the globe. The main impetus came from the late Kelly West's book Epidemiology of Diabetes and its Vascular Lesions. These studies are providing direction for research into the possible molecular defect or defects and biochemical mechanism or mechanisms underlying NIDDM and important information on the extrinsic (social, cultural, environmental) risk determinants. Studies have highlighted the importance of regional adipose tissue distribution, particularly upper-body obesity, and physical inactivity in enhancing risk of NIDDM. These findings have important implications for the primary prevention of NIDDM, particularly in populations with increased genetic susceptibility such as Polynesians, Micronesians, American and Asian Indians, Mexican Americans, and Australian aborigines.Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may be present many years before the onset of NIDDM and clearly play an important role in its etiology. There is some evidence to support the contention that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may also play an important causal role in hypertension, dyslipidemia, upper-body obesity, and, through these risk factors, coronary artery disease. Hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance may be a central factor in the etiology of glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, upper-body obesity, and atherosclerosis, which has very important implications for the primary prevention of these disorders. That both weight reduction and exercise reduce insulin resistance and reduce the levels of some of the other risk factors for coronary artery disease provides strong support for an integrated approach to the primary prevention of NIDDM and cardiovascular disease, although it seems paradoxical that prevention is now a possibility, whereas, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the etiology of these disorders are not fully understood. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (NIDDM) -There has been a remarkable upsurge in interest and activity in studies relating to the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus

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Section: The Role Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelly West Lecture 1991 Challenges in Diabetes Epidemiology—From West to the Rest

1992

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“…Among the Hopi, it is reported anecdotally that the least obese and most healthy elders are those pursuing a traditional lifestyle, including intensive farming and walking, hauling water and wood and a traditional diet (Ritenbaugh 1981:183). Movement into the "modern" lifestyle is associated with creeping obesity and failing health (Schaefer 1974;Knowler et al 1981;King et al 1984;Mohs, Leonard, and Watson 1985;Taylor 1985).…”

Section: Modern Acculturation Of Amerindiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the thrifty gene: Metabolic implications of prehistoric migration into the new world

Ritenbaugh

Goodby

1989

Medical Anthropology

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Several models have been proposed to explain the high prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and other diseases among New World populations. This paper examines the implications of a northern hunting adaptation (reliance on animal foods, seasonal shortages) in terms of energy digestion, absorption, metabolism and storage. Physiologic adaptations to a high protein, moderate fat, low carbohydrate diet are then examined in the context of agriculturally-based subsistence systems and in industrialized societies. Specific metabolic pathways, consistent with the work of both Neel and Weiss, are identified as fruitful areas for further research regarding genetic variants in New World populations.

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“…Familial, twin, and adoption studies all point toward an important genetic contribution in the etiology of obesity (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (6,7). Furthermore, a specific contribution by diet is supported by observations in many developing countries; profound changes from a "traditional" low-fat diet of largely unprocessed plant foods to an "affluent" high-fat diet that includes more animal fat, more simple carbohydrates, and less fiber have been accompanied by increases in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Furthermore, a specific contribution by diet is supported by observations in many developing countries; profound changes from a "traditional" low-fat diet of largely unprocessed plant foods to an "affluent" high-fat diet that includes more animal fat, more simple carbohydrates, and less fiber have been accompanied by increases in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of a Traditional Lifestyle on Obesity in Pima Indians

et al. 1994

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This preliminary investigation shows that obesity, and perhaps NIDDM, is less prevalent among people of Pima heritage living a "traditional" lifestyle than among Pimas living in an "affluent" environment. These findings suggest that, despite a similar potential genetic predisposition to these conditions, a traditional lifestyle, characterized by a diet including less animal fat and more complex carbohydrates and by greater energy expenditure in physical labor, may protect against the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, obesity, and NIDDM.

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Diabetes in Wallis Polynesians: A comparison of residents of Wallis Island and first generation migrants to Noumea, New Caledonia

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Kelly West Lecture 1991 Challenges in Diabetes Epidemiology—From West to the Rest

Kelly West Lecture 1991 Challenges in Diabetes Epidemiology—From West to the Rest

Beyond the thrifty gene: Metabolic implications of prehistoric migration into the new world

Effects of a Traditional Lifestyle on Obesity in Pima Indians

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