Diabetes-Induced Prefrontal Nissl Substance Deficit and the Effects of Neem-Bitter Leaf Extract Treatment

Akinola, Oluwole Busayo; Omotoso, Olaiya G.; Dosumu, Olufunke O.; Akinola, Oluwafunmike S.; Olotufore, Favour

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022011000300031

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1) thus corroborates the report of Serbedzija et al, [7]. It also agrees with the previous findings in our laboratory [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In a recent study by Serbedzija et al, [7], treatment of streptozotocin-induced (STZ-induced) diabetic rats with a combination of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) protected brain tissues from diabetic lesions. Previously, we have also shown that treatment of STZinduced diabetic rats with a botanical intervention from neem and bitter leaf was protective against diabetes brain injury [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such changes include smaller volume of the grey matter and relatively high white matter lesions [3]; lower brain-to-intracranial volume ratios [4]; and grey matter atrophy [5] in human subjects. In animal studies of diabetic neuropathy, significant reduction in the density of the dendritic spines of prefrontal pyramidal neurons [6]; neuronal DNA and protein loss in association with brain atrophy [7]; and prefrontal Nissl body deficits [8], have been reported. However, it has been shown that with optimal glycaemic control, diabetic brain lesions could be prevented and/or ameliorated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats with Metformin or Glitazones is Associated with Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia and Neuroprotection

Akinola¹,

Gabriel²,

Suleiman³

et al. 2012

TODIAJ

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Neurobehavioural and cognitive impairments are reportedly associated with both types of diabetes mellitus; and the structural and molecular aberrations in support of these are emerging. In the present study, we report the effects of induced diabetes and its treatment with or without oral hypoglycaemic drugs on the morphology and oxidative stress status of the prefrontal cortex. Hyperglycaemia was induced in fasted Wistar rats with alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). Hyperglycaemic rats were treated with or without oral hypoglycaemic drugs (metformin, 150 mg/kg/d; pioglitazone, 3 mg/kg/d; and rosiglitazone, 10 mg/kg/d). At 28 days of treatment, prefrontal morphology was studied by the cresyl fast violet (CFV) and luxol fast blue (LFB) techniques; and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed in prefrontal homogenate. Blood glucose was estimated by the glucose oxidase method. Prefrontal cortex neurons showed weak affinity for CFV and LFB in the untreated diabetic rats; as opposed to the relatively strong affinity for these stains in the non-diabetic control rats and diabetic rats on oral hypoglycaemic interventions. In the latter, blood glucose was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the control at 28 days of treatment. Moreover, prefrontal MDA and SOD were not significantly different between all the groups (P>0.05). These findings suggest that morphologic aberrations are provoked by untreated diabetes mellitus, even in the absence of oxidative stress; and that oral hypoglycaemic interventions are neuroprotective in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

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“…1) thus corroborates the report of Serbedzija et al, [7]. It also agrees with the previous findings in our laboratory [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treatment of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats with Metformin or Glitazones is Associated with Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia and Neuroprotection

Akinola¹,

Gabriel²,

Suleiman³

et al. 2012

TODIAJ

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“…Progressive neuronal loss and brain atrophy have been reported in the hippocampus, temporal and frontal cortex of demented patients (Brun 1987;Visser et al 2002). Similarly, findings in human and animal studies indicate that neuronal lesions and dementia are associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Li et al 2007;Akinola et al 2011;Cheng et al 2011). With respect to AD, it is now clear that neuronal death is induced by the toxic effects of beta amyloid (de la Monte 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characterization of prefrontal cortex microstructure and antioxidant status in a rat model of neurodegeneration induced by aluminium chloride and multiple low-dose streptozotocin

et al. 2015

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and several individuals with AD are diabetic. Most non-transgenic animal models of AD make use of oral treatment with aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) to induce brain lesions pathognomonic of the disease. Moreover, streptozotocin (STZ) can induce pathological features of either AD or DM depending on the mode of treatment. In the present study, we characterised prefrontal microanatomy and antioxidant defence system in a rat model of AD confounded by DM, with the objective of assessing the suitability of this model in the study of sporadic AD with DM co-morbidity. Adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either intraperitoneal STZ (30 mg/kg/day for 3 days; to induce DM), oral AlCl(3) (500 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks; to induce some brain lesions characteristic of AD); or both STZ and AlCl(3) (to induce AD with DM co-morbidity). Untreated rats served as controls. During treatment, blood glucose levels and body weights were evaluated repeatedly in all rats. At euthanasia, prefrontal cortex was homogenized in phosphate buffer solution and the supernatants assayed for some antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and reduced glutathione, GSH). Moreover, following perfusion-fixation of the brain, frontal lobes were processed by the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Congo red technique. Our findings showed that in rats co-administered AlCl(3) and STZ (AD + DM rats), prefrontal levels of GSH reduced significantly (p < 0.05), while reductions in SOD and CAT were not significant (p > 0.05) compared with the controls. Moreover, in this model of AD with DM co-morbidity, extensive neuronal cell loss was observed in the prefrontal cortex, but Congophilic deposits were not present. The neurodegenerative lesions and antioxidant deficits characteristic of this AlCl(3) + STZ (AD + DM) rat model were more pronounced than similar lesions associated with mono-treatment with either STZ (DM) or AlCl(3) (AD) alone; and this makes the AlCl(3) + STZ model a suitable option for the study of neurodegenerative diseases (such as AD) with DM co-morbidity.

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“…In addition, the effect has been demonstrated of oral treatment with the combined leaf extracts of Neem and Bitter Leaf on the prefrontal cortex of diabetic Wistar rats, which were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: control; diabetic group; streptozotocin+combined leaf extract; streptozotocin+metformin, and combined leaf extract only. These studies showed that the combined leaf extract of Neem and Bitter Leaf protected against diabetes-induced prefrontal Nissl substance deficit, these phytochemicals responsible for these effects (Akinola et al, 2011).…”

Section: Potency/activity Of the Neem Treementioning

confidence: 95%

Application of neem tree in agriculture, industry, medicine, and environment: a review

Martínez-Romero¹,

Ortega-Sánchez²,

Hernández-González³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) is native to the South Asian countries, but its cultivation has already spread to countries in other continents, always with tropical climates. It is used in Traditional Medicine. The objective of this review was to consult and discuss the application of the Neem tree in agriculture, industry, Medicine, and the environment. Materials and Methods: Literature retrieval was performed on four databases: OVID; PUBMED; EBSCOhost, and EMBASE, and in the ISI Web of Science. Key words for the search included Neem and Azadirachta indica. Results:A series of studies have demonstrated that the Neem tree has been used medicinally since ancient times. The bark, leaves, fruit, flowers, and roots have been employed, each with very favorable applications. The bark of the Neem tree is cool, bitter, astringent, pungent, and refreshing. It is useful for oral diseases, cough, fever, neuromuscular pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, intestinal parasites, wound healing, as a laxative, as an anti-hemorrhoidal, as an emetic, for skin diseases, to calm excessive thirst, eliminate toxins, as an astringent, an expectorant, and it purifies the blood and prevents damage caused by free radicals to the body, neutralizing this damage. It is also used to treat snake bites and insect bites. The flowers are utilized to regulate body heat. The oil is removed from the seed for pharmaceuticals, paper, and food. Plants, vegetables, and herbs employed as food for humans, and currently in Traditional Medicine, have been accepted as an essential contribution to drug discovery and in chemotherapy in cancer prevention and development. This vegetable oil has physicochemical properties that allow its proposal as a potential raw material for the soap industry. Conclusion: It was possible to know and discuss the variety of applications of the Neem tree, including the bark, leaves, fruit, flowers, and roots, each with very favorable applications in agriculture, industry, Medicine, and especially its use in the care environment.

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Diabetes-Induced Prefrontal Nissl Substance Deficit and the Effects of Neem-Bitter Leaf Extract Treatment

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Treatment of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats with Metformin or Glitazones is Associated with Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia and Neuroprotection

Treatment of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats with Metformin or Glitazones is Associated with Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia and Neuroprotection

Characterization of prefrontal cortex microstructure and antioxidant status in a rat model of neurodegeneration induced by aluminium chloride and multiple low-dose streptozotocin

Application of neem tree in agriculture, industry, medicine, and environment: a review

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