Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview

Abutaleb, Mohammed H.

doi:10.15406/ppij.2016.04.00087

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Diabetes is a progressive chronic multi-factorial disorder that arises from insulin deficiency (type I diabetes) and/or insulin resistance (type II diabetes). However, it is characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels that results from defects in the carbohydrate metabolism, leading to failure and dysfunction of many body organs such as liver, kidney and eye [ 38 ]. Several studies have investigated the role of inflammatory markers (cytokines and chemokines) in diabetes development and its complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats

et al. 2022

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Background Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is known as a silent killer because individual is not aware that he has the disease till the development of its complications. Many researchers have studied the use of stem cells in treatment of both types of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold a lot of potential for regenerative therapy. MSCs migrate and home at the damaged site, where they can aid in the repair of damaged tissues and restoring their function. Oxidative stress and inflammation represent a huge obstacle during MSCs transplantation. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of grape seed extract (GSE) administration during MSCs transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes. Furthermore, testing some of GSE components [procyanidins(P)-B1 and P-C1] in conjunction with MSCs, in vivo, was performed to determine if one of them was more effective in relieving the measured attributes of diabetes more than the whole GSE. Methods Firstly, GSE was prepared from the seeds of Muscat of Alexandria grapes and characterized to identify its phytochemical components. Experimental design was composed of control group I, untreated diabetic group II, GSE (300 mg/kg)-treated diabetic group III, MSCs (2 × 106 cells/rat)-treated diabetic group IV and GSE (300 mg/kg)/MSCs (2 × 106 cells/rat)-treated diabetic group V. Type I diabetes was induced in rats by intravenous injection with 65 mg/kg of STZ. Treatment started when fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was more than 200 mg/dl; GSE oral administration started in the same day after MSCs intravenous injection and continued daily for 30 consecutive days. Results The results showed that GSE/MSCs therapy in type I-induced diabetic rats has dramatically managed homeostasis of glucose and insulin secretion; together with, improvement in levels of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Conclusion Co-treatment with GSE and MSCs in vivo regenerates beta cells in type I-induced diabetic rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats

et al. 2022

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“…Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) kills about 5.1 million people annually [ 3 ], and thrombotic events account for approximately 80% of the deaths [ 14 ]. The prothrombotic state of the T2DM disease renders affected individuals in a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular events [ 2 , 8 , 16 , 20 ]. The hypercoagulable state in these individuals is due to the associated abnormalities in platelet function, enhanced activation of prothrombotic coagulation factors coupled with reduced fibrinolysis [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants are more likely than non-diabetics to suffer from thrombotic events [ 7 ]. The hypercoagulable state of T2DM patients has recently been confirmed to be resulting from the associated elevated secretion and/or activation of pro-coagulants coupled with hypofibrinolysis [ 8 ]. The prothrombotic state is characterized by increased tissue factor [ 7 ], factor IV [ 9 ], thrombin [ 10 ], and fibrinogen levels [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in poorly controlled vs well controlled Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: A case-control study in a district hospital in Ghana

et al. 2021

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Background Hypofibrinolysis resulting from the up-regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) usually occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), rendering them hypercoagulable. This study assessed the plasma antigen and activity levels of the PAI-1 enzyme in T2DM patients in a district hospital in Ghana. Methods This was a hospital-based case-control study conducted from December 2018 to May 2019 at Nkenkaasu District Hospital. Sixty subjects with T2DM (30 T2DM subjects with good glycemic control and 30 with poor glycemic control), and 30 apparently healthy blood donors were recruited into the study. Blood specimens were collected for complete blood count, lipid profile, PAI-1 Ag and PAI-1 activity levels. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results Elevated PAI-1 Ag and activity levels were observed in the T2DM subjects compared to the healthy controls, with the levels and activity significantly higher (PAI-1 Ag; p< 0.001, PAI-1 activity level; p = 0.004) in the T2DM subjects with poor glycemic control in comparison to those with good glycemic control. A significant positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and PAI-1 enzymes. PAI-1 Ag levels significantly increased along with increased total cholesterol (Β = 0.262, p = 0.033), triglyceride (Β = -0.273, p = 0.034) and HbA1c (Β = 0.419, p = 0.001). Similarly, PAI-1 activity level was associated with total cholesterol (Β = 0.325, p = 0.009), triglyceride (Β = -0.262, p = 0.042), HbA1c (Β = 0.389, p = 0.003) and VLDL-c (Β = -0.227, p = 0.029). Conclusion PAI-1 antigen/activity is enhanced in poorly controlled Ghanaian T2DM subjects. The hypercoagulable state of the affected individuals put them at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Good glycemic control to regulate plasma PAI-1 levels is essential during T2DM lifelong management. Markers of fibrinolysis should be assessed in these individuals and appropriate anticoagulants given to prevent thrombosis and adverse cardiovascular diseases.

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“…Acute effects include blurred vision, excess urination, nerve weakness, excessive hunger and thirst, muscle cramps and weight loss while the chronic condition results in organ failure. 35,36 Although several hypoglycemic agents are available, the side effects are still a threat. 37…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Sargassum tenerrimum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Lindsey¹,

Issac²,

Prabha³

et al. 2021

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Diabetes mellitus has become the most predominant disease in most of the developing and developed countries. Diabetes could occur at any stage of life for which a change in sedentary life style is the possible solution. Despite the introduction of several medications, to curtail the side effects associated with diabetes mellitus, there is no medication or treatment for complete cure. Existing medications and treatments are targeted to mitigate the intensity of the disease which abruptly could result in organ failure. Rather than the available types of treatments, natural medication is reported to produce commendable results. Extracts of many medicinal plants and seaweeds have been documented to possess anti-diabetic properties. A brown alga, S. tenerrimum, found on the west coast of India, is chosen in this study to analyse the anti-diabetic property of its methanolic extract. This extract was used to treat streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. An experimental design was framed based on acute toxicity studies to determine the change in blood glucose level, body weight, lipid profile, liver enzymes (SGPT and SGOT) and the renal function markers (urea and creatinine). After 15 days of treatment, an increase in body weight and HDL cholesterol was observed while the total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, serum triglyceride, SGOT, SGPT, creatinine and urea decreased with 250 mg/Kg.bw of S. tenerrimum methanolic extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group. This difference is significant (p<0.05) when compared with a healthy non-diabetic mice group and a treated diabetic mice group. This proves that the methanolic extract of S. tenerrimum possess anti-diabetic property. Further research could explore the active compounds that can be used in the formulation of herbal medicine for diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats

Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in poorly controlled vs well controlled Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: A case-control study in a district hospital in Ghana

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Sargassum tenerrimum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

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