Diabetes mellitus and cellular replacement therapy: Expected clinical potential and perspectives

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevailing disease with progressive incidence worldwide. Despite contemporary treatment type one DM and type two DM are frequently associated with long-term major microvascular and macrovascular complications. Currently restoration of failing β-cell function, regulation of metabolic processes with stem cell transplantation is discussed as complements to contemporary DM therapy regimens. The present review is considered paradigm of the regenerative care and the possibly effects of cell therapy in DM. Reprogramming stem cells, bone marrowderived mononuclear cells; lineage-specified progenitor cells are considered for regenerative strategy in DM. Finally, perspective component of stem cell replacement in DM is discussed.

Downregulation of Long Noncoding RNA MIAT in the Retina of Diabetic Rats with Tail-vein Injection of Human Umbilical-cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Sun and colleagues reported that HUMSCs could decrease inflammatory cytokines by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in type 2 diabetes rats [19]. Moreover, HUMSCs are currently under clinical research to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment of type 2 diabetes [20]. However, the roles of HUMSCs in DR have not been elucidated, and to probe the potential mechanisms is indispensable for the clinical application.…”

Human umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells exert trophic effects on β-cell survival in diabetic rats and isolated islets

“…Human uMSCs are currently under clinical investigations to treat diabetes ( Berezin, 2014 ). Although the preliminary data from both T1D and T2D studies are promising ( Hu et al, 2013 ; Kong et al, 2014 ), the mode of action remains to be understood.…”

Endothelial Progenitor Cells Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus

“…Most importantly, EPCs isolated from peripheral blood of the patients with known CAD have exhibited an impaired migratory and weak proliferative response [50], which have confirmed being of "EPC impaired phenotypes" pre-existing in subjects with CV risk factors prior established CV disease [55,56]. However, the circulating level of EPCs in patients with established higher CV risk is very variable and does not fully correlate with number of CV risk factors [57,58], although number of BM-EPCs has closely predicted asymptomatic atherosclerosis [59,60] and CV disease [61].…”