Diabetes Mellitus and Dental Health in Children: A Review of Literature

Meligy, Omar El; Mandura, Rafif A; Attar, Moaz H; Alamoudi, Rana A.

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2006

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We hypothesized that the reason was that manual skills were not developed well enough in children of primary school age. This approves the opinion of some authors, who note that the oral hygiene indices did not have significant differences between patients with type 1 DM and the control group [2,3,8]. However, it disproves the opinion of other authors, who found that the value of oral hygiene indices in patients with type 1 DM was much higher compared to healthy patients [16,17,20].…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease in individuals who have a genetic predisposition to it, which leads to the destruction of β-cells of the pancreas with the subsequent development of absolute insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood due to a deficiency of insulin [1,2,3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Indices of 6–14-Year-Old Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Шешукова¹,

Kuz²,

Bauman³

et al. 2023

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate oral hygiene and periodontal indices in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. 258 children aged 6-14 years were examined, including 129 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 129 children without concomitant somatic diseases. All patients were divided into four subgroups according to the presence of gingivitis. We determined the oral hygiene index-simplified (according to Green, Vermillion, 1964), the papillary-marginal-alveolar index in Parma modification (1960), the gingival index according to Loe, Sillness (1967). The t-test for paired samples was used to compare values. The difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results and discussion. The worst level of oral hygiene was in group of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic catarrhal gingivitis because gum bleeding and pain in gums in these children did not allow them to make full efforts and carry out oral hygiene well. Our research showed a statistically significant difference between the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and control group in accordance with periodontal indices. Children with diabetes mellitus had the highest values of periodontal indices. The inflammatory processes in the tissues of periodontium in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are expanded, so it is very important to recognize them and diagnose them as early as possible. Periodontal indices in patients of the youngest age subgroup, namely, both the group of patients with diabetes mellitus and the group of children without somatic pathologies were the lowest. The totality of data on periodontal indices in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus indicated an average degree of severity of gingivitis, namely, the papillary-marginal-alveolar index was 42.77 ± 1.31%, the gingival index was 1.81 ± 0.05 points. Protective mechanisms in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are changed. Children with this endocrine illness suffer from swelling of the gums and have extreme gum bleeding along with the development of the main endocrinological disease compared to healthy patients of the same age. According to the results we obtained, we believe that screenings of the oral cavity and preventive programs should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis even during the milk and mixed bite period, particularly in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus had a worse state of oral hygiene than healthy children. Children with diabetes mellitus had gum bleeding both during the period of temporary bite, and during the period of mixed bite

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supporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Indices of 6–14-Year-Old Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Шешукова¹,

Kuz²,

Bauman³

et al. 2023

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

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“…However, relatively few data are available for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) ( 16 ). Studies have found that children with T1DM with age younger than 11.5 years had teeth eruption acceleration, while children older than 11.5 years had delayed teeth eruption process ( 17 ). Type 1 T1DM is becoming more prevalent among young individuals worldwide who is also the main population needing orthodontic treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during axial tooth movement in mice with type 1 diabetes

Zheng

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectivesTo observe the elongation of the axial tooth movement in the unopposed rodent molar model with type 1 diabetes mellitus and explore the pathological changes of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, and their correlation with tooth axial movement.MethodsThe 80 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the streptozotocin(STZ)-injected group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 30). Mice in the streptozotocin(STZ)-injected group were injected intraperitoneal with streptozotocin (STZ), and mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of equal doses of sodium citrate buffer. Thirty mice were randomly selected from the successful models as the T1DM group. The right maxillary molar teeth of mice were extracted under anesthesia, and allowed mandibular molars to super-erupt. Mice were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6,9, and 12 days. Tooth elongation and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated by micro-CT analysis(0,and 12 days mice). Conventional HE staining, Masson staining and TRAP staining were used to observe the changes in periodontal tissue(0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days mice). The expression differences of SPARC, FGF9, BMP4, NOGGIN, and type I collagen were analyzed by RT-qPCR.ResultsAfter 12 days of tooth extraction, our data showed significant super-eruption of mandibular mouse molars of the two groups. The amount of molar super-eruption in the T1DM group was 0.055mm( ± 0.014mm), and in the control group was 0.157( ± 0.017mm). The elongation of the T1DM mice was less than that of the control mice(P<0.001). It was observed that the osteoclasts and BMD increased gradually in both groups over time. Compared with the control group, the collagen arrangement was more disordered, the number of osteoclasts was higher (P<0.05), and the increase of bone mineral density was lower(2.180 ± 0.007g/cm3 vs. 2.204 ± 0.006g/cm3, P<0.001) in the T1DM group. The relative expression of SPARC, FGF9, BMP4, and type I collagen in the two groups increased with the extension of tooth extraction time while NOGGIN decreased. The relative expression of all of SPARC, FGF9, BMP4, and type I collagen in the T1DM group were significantly lower, and the expression of NOGGIN was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe axial tooth movement was inhibited in type 1 diabetic mice. The result may be associated with the changes of periodontal ligament osteoclastogenic effects and alveolar bone remodeling regulated by the extracellular matrix and osteogenesis-related factors.

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“…Предполагается, что потеря функциональной массы β-клеток происходит по цепочке событий, аналогичной «помощи при самоубийстве» [8], где гибель β-клеток, вероятно, связана с активацией иммунной системы, которая, в свою очередь, и разрушает их. По сути, СД 1-го типа является хроническим аутоиммунным заболеванием [4,5,9]. Аутоиммунный процесс против β-клеток, запускается как триггерами окружающей среды: экологические факторы, инфекции, воздействие определенных токсинов (например, нитраты) [10], так и генетической предрасположенностью [2,4,6].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Быков¹,

Батурин²

2022

Nauchno-Prakticheskii Zhurnal «Patogenez»

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Сахарный диабет (СД) 1-го типа является одной из распространенных эндокринопатий детского возраста. Данное заболевание характеризуется высокой частотой развития острых и хронических осложнений. Несмотря на установленную аутоиммунную природу СД 1-го типа, продолжается поиск новых патофизиологических механизмов развития как самого заболевания, так и его осложнений. Оксидативный стресс (ОС) рассматривается как важная составляющая патогенеза многих заболеваний, в том числе СД 1-го и 2-го типов. ОС представляет собой патологическое состояние, когда скорость образования свободных радикалов превышает возможности антиоксидантной защиты организма, что приводит к токсическому поражению клетки. ОС может быть вовлечен в патогенез СД 1-го типа, за счет повреждения β-клеток поджелудочной железы. ОС играет важную роль в развитии диабетических осложнений за счет запуска процессов аутоокисления глюкозы, нарушения выработки оксида азота и снижения функции антиоксидантных ферментов. Из возможных маркёров ОС на фоне СД 1-го типа рассматриваются: малоновый диальдегид, 8-изо-простагландин F2a, миелопероксидаза, супероксиддисмутаза, глутатионпероксидаза и др. Максимально раннее выявление проявлений ОС у детей с СД 1-го типа может не только помочь вовремя диагностировать диабетические осложнения, но и решать важные профилактические задачи. Своевременная диагностика ОС при СД 1-го типа у детей и подростков также может улучшить терапевтические результаты. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of highly prevalent endocrinopathies of childhood. This disorder is characterized by a high incidence of acute and chronic complications. Although the autoimmune nature of type 1 DM has been established, searches are continuing for new pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both the disease itself and its complications. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered an important pathogenetic component of the development of numerous disorders, including type 1 and 2 DM. OS is a pathological state, in which free radicals are generated at a rate that overwhelms the capacity of the antioxidant defense with resultant toxic damage to cells. OS may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM by damaging pancreatic β-cells. OS plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications by triggering glucose autoxidation, impairing nitric oxide production, and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Possible OS markers include malonic dialdehyde, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. The earliest possible detection of OS in children with type 1 DM may help not only to diagnose timely diabetic complications but also to achieve important goals of prevention. Timely detection of OS in children and adolescents with type 1 DM may also improve therapeutic outcomes.

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Diabetes Mellitus and Dental Health in Children: A Review of Literature

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Indices of 6–14-Year-Old Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Indices of 6–14-Year-Old Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Remodeling of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during axial tooth movement in mice with type 1 diabetes

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus

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