Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Vascular Impairment

Tousoulis, Dimitris; Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S.; Androulakis, Emmanuel; Siasos, Gerasimos; Latsios, George; Tentolouris, Konstantinos; Stefanadis, Christodoulos

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.089

Cited by 227 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Diabetes mellitus enhances the ROS, thus resulting in diminished NO bioavailability. Increased oxidative stress in the vasculature is a major contributor of endothelial dysfunction mediated by the O 2 - production [41] and impairment of NO bioavailability in the vascular wall in diabetes mellitus [42]. In this study we found that fenofibrate decreased the O 2 - production and increased the NO level in EPCs both in vivo and in vitro .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

PPARα Agonist Stimulated Angiogenesis by Improving Endothelial Precursor Cell Function Via a NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

Deng¹,

Han²,

Zheng³

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Impaired wound healing is a common complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of lower extremity amputation. Treatment with fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferators–activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, was associated with a lower risk of amputations, particularly minor amputations without known large-vessel diseases, probably through non-lipid mechanisms. The current study aimed to test our hypothesis that fenofibrate stimulates angiogenesis and restores endothelial precursor cell (EPC) function via inhibiting Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, STZ-induced diabetic mice and fenofibrate treated diabetic group. Wound closure was assessed by wound area and CD31 positive capillaries. Both the migration and tube formation capacities of EPCs were measured. Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O₂^-) levels were determined. Activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in EPCs was assessed by measuring thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression. Results: Compared with the untreated diabetic mice, wound closure and capillary densities were significantly increased in fenofibrate treated group. Fenofibrate treatment restored EPC function, increased NO production, and decreased O₂^- level in EPCs of diabetic mice. Furthermore, fenofibrate deregulated the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing TXNIP, NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression in EPCs of diabetic mice. In vitro, fenofibrate prevented high glucose induced EPC dysfunction, deregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activity. In addition, fenofibrate inhibited IL-1β expression caused by combination use of high glucose and lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: Fenofibrate can accelerate wound healing in diabetic mice, which at least in part was mediated by improving the impaired EPC function via a NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, suggesting the significance of PPARα agonists in the treatment of diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

PPARα Agonist Stimulated Angiogenesis by Improving Endothelial Precursor Cell Function Via a NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

Deng¹,

Han²,

Zheng³

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…111,112 Screening of >280 biomarkers in patients with dysglycemia showed positive associations between NT-proBNP, trefoil factor 3, GDF-15, apolipoprotein B, angiopoietin-2, osteoprotegerin and α-2-macroglobulin, and adverse cardiovascular events. been positively associated with cardiovascular risk in another study that additionally demonstrated an association of osteopontin and MMP-3 with adverse cardiovascular events.…”

Section: High-risk Groups Within the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Risk Markers and Risk Assessments for Cardiovascular Disease

Thomas

Lip

2017

Circulation Research

117

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Abstract:The use of risk markers has transformed cardiovascular medicine, exemplified by the routine assessment of troponin, for both diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients with chest pain. Clinical risk factors form the basis for risk assessment of cardiovascular disease and the addition of biochemical, cellular, and imaging parameters offers further refinement. Identifying novel risk factors may allow greater risk stratification and a steady, but gradual progression toward precision medicine. Indeed, the generation of data in this area of research is explosive and when combined with new technologies and techniques provides the potential for more refined, targeted approaches to cardiovascular medicine. Although discussing the most recent developments in this field, this review article aims to strike a balance between novelty and validity by focusing on recent large samplesize studies that have been validated in a separate cohort in most cases. Risk markers related to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, inflammation, cardiac injury, and fibrosis are introduced in the context of their pathophysiology. Rapidly developing new areas, such as assessment of micro-RNA, are also explored. Subsequently the prognostic ability of these risk markers in coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation is discussed in detail. ( addition to these roles in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, lipid-related molecules have been identified to be markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (Table 1). Thrombosis-Related Risk MarkersAfter atherosclerotic plaque rupture, platelets adhere to exposed subendothelial components, such as collagen and von Willebrand factor, which promotes platelet activation and aggregation. 10 In addition, platelet activation is potentiated by exposure to released soluble agonists, such as thrombin and ADP.10 Activated platelets then further release ADP, which acts on platelet P2Y 12 ADP receptors and has a central role in amplifying the response of platelets to the initial stimulus. 10 Platelet reactivity to various agonists, including ADP, has been studied extensively in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS; Table 2). 11 The VerifyNow and Multiplate pointof-care tests allow for the measurement of platelet aggregation in response to stimulation, and it has been shown that high platelet reactivity is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. 26 Platelet microparticles are released on platelet activation, and their role in cardiovascular disease is an area of active investigation (Table 2). 15 Circulating microparticles are released from cells undergoing activation or apoptosis and are a type of small plasma membrane vesicle that retain defined properties from their original cell lineage. 15 Platelet activation and aggregation lead to the activation of the coagulation cascade and the formation of a stable crosslinked fibrin clot. The balance between prothrombotic factors and endogenous fibrinolysis determines whether the thrombus propagates or instead proceeds to dis...

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“…This issue deserves attention because early markers of diabetes mellitus-related vascular damage remain elusive. 21,22 In this study, we have reported that Set7 expression is increased in PBM from patients with T2DM and correlates with NF-kB activation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The analysis of Set7-driven chromatin modification unmasked H3K4m1 on NF-kB promoter in patients with T2DM but not in controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Adverse Epigenetic Signatures by Histone Methyltransferase Set7 Contribute to Vascular Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Paneni

Costantino

Battista

et al. 2015

Circ Cardiovasc Genet

151

123

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T ype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of micro and macrovascular complications and ≈2-fold greater risk of mortality when compared with the general population.1,2 Advances in therapy have reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM. However, cardiovascular risk is far to be eradicated, and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches are needed. 3,4 In patients with diabetes mellitus, high-glucose levels trigger endothelial inflammation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced availability of nitric oxide, a key effector of vascular health. 3,5 This chain of events favors the development of coronary atherosclerotic lesions, as well as microvascular disease. 4 Although the link between diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis is well established, a better comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is of utmost importance to identify novel molecular targets. Epigenetic modifications are emerging as key players in cardiovascular disease.6 Acetylation and methylation occurring at DNA/histone complexes significantly alter gene transcription Background-Cellular studies showed that histone methyltransferase Set7 mediates high glucose-induced inflammation via epigenetic regulation of the transcription factor NF-kB. However, the link between Set7 and vascular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether Set7 contributes to vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods and Results-Set7-driven epigenetic changes on NF-kB p65 promoter and expression of NF-kB-dependent genes, cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible endothelial nitric oxide synthase, were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 68 subjects (44 patients with T2DM and 24 age-matched controls). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, 24-hour urinary levels of 8-isoprostaglandin F 2α , and plasma adhesion molecules, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, were also determined. Experiments in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high glucose were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of Set7-driven inflammation and oxidative stress. Set7 expression increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with T2DM when compared with controls.Patients with T2DM showed Set7-dependent monomethylation of lysine 4 of histone 3 on NF-kB p65 promoter. This epigenetic signature was associated with upregulation of NF-kB, subsequent transcription of oxidant/inflammatory genes, and increased plasma levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Interestingly, we found that Set7 expression significantly correlated with oxidative marker 8-isoprostaglandin F 2α (r=0.38; P=0.01) and flow-mediated dilation (r=−0.34; P=0.04). In human aortic endothelial cells, silencing of Set7 prevented monomethylation of lysine 4 of histone 3 and abolished NF-kB-dependent oxidant and inflammatory signaling. Conclusions-Set7-induced epigenetic changes contribute to...

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Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Vascular Impairment

Cited by 227 publications

References 77 publications

PPARα Agonist Stimulated Angiogenesis by Improving Endothelial Precursor Cell Function Via a NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

PPARα Agonist Stimulated Angiogenesis by Improving Endothelial Precursor Cell Function Via a NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

Novel Risk Markers and Risk Assessments for Cardiovascular Disease

Adverse Epigenetic Signatures by Histone Methyltransferase Set7 Contribute to Vascular Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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