Diabetes Self-Management and Its related Factors

Abstract

AbstarctSelf-management is essential in preventing complications among patients with Diabetes Mellitus. The behaviour of patients to implement Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) is influenced by several factors which needs further study. This descriptive study aimed to identify factors contributing to DSM among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2). 94 respondents were recruited using randomized sampling obtained from an inpatient unit in one hospital in West Java province. Self-rating instruments were used to identify demography data, knowledge about DSM, self-efficacy scale, and DSM questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted to explain demography data, knowledge, self-efficacy and DSM. Findings indicated respondents demonstrated moderate level of knowledge (M=7,53), and self-efficacy (M=34,8), and high level of DSM (M=89,28). Post-hoc analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between age (r=-0,209); p=0,043), education level (p=0,008), and self-efficacy (r=0,214; p= 0,038). No significant relationship was not identified with DSM (r=0,317; p=0,187). It is concluded that age, level of education, and self-efficacy were contributed to DSM. Keywords :Contributing factors, diabetes mellitus, self-management. Manajemen Diabetes dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi AbstrakSelf-management adalah komponen penting dalam pengelolaan dan pencegahan komplikasi pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Perilaku pasien dalam menjalankan DSM dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap DSM pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Penelitian diskriptif ini melibatkan 94 pasien DMT2 yang direkrut secara random di Poli DM salah satu rumah sakit daerah di Jawa Barat. Responden diminta untuk melengkapi kuesioner yang mencakup data demografi; kuesioner singkat pengetahuan tentang DSM (15 item; skor 0 -15); self-efficacy scale (12 item; skor 12 -48); dan kuesioner DSM (29 item; skor 29 -116). Analisis deskriptif diterapkan untuk menjelaskan data demografi pasien, tingkat pengetahuan, self-efficacy, dan DSM. Adapun analisis hubungan diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor DSM. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa secara umum responden menunjukkan pengetahuan (M = 7,53) dan self efficacy (M = 34,8) tingkat sedang, serta melaporkan tingkat DSM yang tinggi (M = 89,28). Analisis lanjut menemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara usia pasien (r = -0,209; p = 0,043), tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,008), dan self-efficacy (r = 0,483; p = 0,000) dengan DSM. Tingkat pengetahuan secara bermakna berhubungan dengan self-efficacy (r = 0,214; p = 0,038), namun tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan DSM (r = 0,137; p = 0,187). Disimpulkan bahwa usia pasien, tingkat pendidikan, dan self-efficacy berkontribusi terhadap DSM.

The Experience of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Early Symptoms of Hypoglycemia: A Phenomenological Study

“…For diabetic patients, having the option to consume different types of food sometimes emerge as temptations that are more difficult to be managed. Therefore, it is more challenging for richer patients to adhere to diet management (Kurniawan & Yudianto, 2016). The recommended food standards must be balanced between the needs of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.…”